Table. Effect Sizes and Heterogeneity Estimates for All 44 Trials and Grouped by Outcome, Intervention Type, Evidence-Based Treatment, Age, and Measurement Type for the Primary Mental Health Outcome With Subgroup Comparisons.
| Outcome and comparison | Standardized mean difference (95% CI) | I2, % | Subgroup comparisons | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2 | P value | I2, % | |||
| Comparisons of depression vs anxiety by prevention or treatment | |||||
| Depression only | |||||
| Prevention or treatment (n = 44) | 0.24 (0.14 to 0.34) | 81 | 0.30 | .59 | 0 |
| Anxiety only | |||||
| Prevention or treatment (n = 11) | 0.30 (0.11 to 0.50) | 80 | |||
| Depression or anxiety | |||||
| Treatment only (n = 16) | 0.34 (0.14 to 0.55) | 74 | 1.75 | .19 | 42.9 |
| Prevention only (n = 28) | 0.19 (0.08 to 0.30) | 84 | |||
| Depression only | |||||
| Treatment only (n = 15)a | 0.38 (0.17 to 0.59) | 69 | 0.16 | .69 | 0 |
| Anxiety only | |||||
| Treatment only (n = 6)b | 0.32 (0.07 to 0.56) | 68 | |||
| Depression only | |||||
| Prevention only (n = 28)a | 0.19 (0.08 to 0.30) | 84 | 0.41 | .52 | 0 |
| Anxiety only | |||||
| Prevention only (n = 5)b | 0.31 (−0.03 to 0.64) | 88 | |||
| Comparisons of evidence-based vs non–evidence-based treatments | |||||
| Depression or anxiety/prevention or treatment | |||||
| Evidence-based treatment (n = 15) | 0.30 (0.08 to 0.52) | 82 | 0.63 | .43 | 0 |
| Non–evidence-based treatment (n = 29) | 0.20 (0.10 to 0.30) | 80 | |||
| Depression treatment only | |||||
| Evidence-based treatment (n = 8) | 0.43 (0.30 to 0.56) | 0 | 0.32 | .57 | 0 |
| Non–evidence-based treatment (n = 7) | 0.29 (−0.18 to 0.75) | 82 | |||
| Depression prevention only | |||||
| Evidence-based treatment (n = 7) | 0.20 (−0.23 to 0.63) | 92 | 0.06 | .81 | 0 |
| Non–evidence-based treatment (n = 21) | 0.27 (−0.04 to 0.57) | 99 | |||
| Comparisons of mixed age samples (adolescent and adult) vs adult only samples | |||||
| Depression or anxiety/prevention or treatment | |||||
| Mixed ages (n = 9) | 0.05 (−0.09 to 0.20) | 57 | 6.43 | .01 | 84.4 |
| Adults (n = 35) | 0.29 (0.18 to 0.41) | 83 | |||
| Comparison of diagnostic interviews vs self-report outcome measures | |||||
| Depression or anxiety/prevention or treatment | |||||
| Diagnostic interview (n = 7) | 0.20 (−0.8 to 0.47) | 62 | 0.05 | .83 | 0 |
| Self-report (n = 43) | 0.23 (0.13 to 0.32) | 81 | |||
a
Subgroup comparison for depression treatment vs prevention: χ2 = 2.54, P = .11, I2 = 60.7%.
b
Subgroup comparison for anxiety treatment vs prevention: χ2 = 0.2, P = .89, I2 = 0%.