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. 2021 Jan 26;13(1):115–127. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.115

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Effect of stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (10 ng/mL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (10 ng/mL), growth differentiation factor 7 (100 ng/mL), or transforming growth factor beta 1 plus insulin-like growth factor 1 (both at 10 ng/mL) on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the 2D and 3D cultures. A: The protein expression levels of Col1a1, Col3a1, Tnc, and Tnmd detected by Western blot after growth factor stimulation for 12 d; B-E: The results of the densitometric analysis of the target protein expression levels were normalized to those of GAPDH. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD; n = 3. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01. TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor β1; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; GDF-7: Growth differentiation factor 7.