Figure 4.

Expression levels of cytokines in MDSC-derived exosomes (exo) that are involved in T-cell function and immunomodulation. In vitro quantification of the level of cytokines associated with (A) immunomodulation and (B) T-cell function, detected in the membrane-based array in protein samples collected from the exosomes isolated from MDSCs of normal bone marrow (BM), the spleen of tumor-bearing mice and tumors. Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, compared with the BM MDSC exo. n=4. MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; IL, interleukin; LIX, C-X-C motif chemokine 5; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.