Table 2.
gSOS is associated with fracture in addition to FRAX-CRF and FRAX-BMD. Odds ratios associated with risk predictors of interest were based on logistic regression
| Cohort | UK Biobank test dataset (N = 4717)* | MrOS US (N = 4663) | MrOS Sweden (N = 1880) | SOF (N = 3615) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
| Major osteoporotic fracture | |||||
| Fracture ~ FRAX-CRF | FRAX-CRF§ | 1.15 (1.10–1.20) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) |
| Fracture ~ FRAX-CRF + gSOS | FRAX-CRF | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) |
| gSOS | 1.41 (1.18–1.69) | 1.36 (1.24–1.49) | 1.39 (1.23–1.58) | 1.30 (1.19–1.42) | |
| Likelihood ratio test p value | 1.4 × 10−4 | 3.1 × 10−11 | 6.9 × 10−8 | 2.5 × 10−9 | |
| Fracture ~ age + sex + BMD | BMD¶ | 1.66 (1.35–2.05) | 1.79 (1.64–1.97) | 1.86 (1.62–2.15) | 2.02 (1.80–2.27) |
| Fracture ~ age + sex + BMD + gSOS | BMD | 1.53 (1.24–1.90) | 1.72 (1.56–1.89) | 1.79 (1.55–2.07) | 1.93 (1.72–2.17) |
| gSOS | 1.33 (1.11–1.59) | 1.22 (1.11–1.34) | 1.29 (1.14–1.47) | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) | |
| Likelihood ratio test p value | 2.4 × 10−3 | 3.4 × 10−5 | 6.0 × 10−5 | 2.1 × 10−5 | |
| Fracture ~ FRAX-BMD | FRAX-BMD§ | 1.17 (1.12–1.22) | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) | 1.07 (1.05–1.08) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) |
| Fracture ~ FRAX-BMD + gSOS | FRAX-BMD | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | 1.09 (1.08–1.11) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) |
| gSOS | 1.34 (1.12–1.60) | 1.28 (1.17–1.40) | 1.33 (1.18–1.51) | 1.22 (1.12–1.34) | |
| Likelihood ratio test p value | 1.5 × 10−3 | 1.5 × 10−7 | 4.5 × 10−6 | 1.1 × 10−5 | |
| Hip fracture | |||||
| Fracture ~ FRAX-CRF | FRAX-CRF | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | |
| Fracture ~ FRAX-CRF + gSOS | FRAX-CRF | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | |
| gSOS | 1.36 (1.20–1.54) | 1.25 (1.04–1.50) | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | ||
| Likelihood ratio test p value | 1.1 × 10−6 | 1.6 × 10−2 | 4.2 × 10−8 | ||
| Fracture ~ age + sex + BMD | BMD | 2.08 (1.83–2.38) | 2.45 (1.96–3.08) | 2.04 (1.80–2.32) | |
| Fracture ~ age + sex + BMD + gSOS | BMD | 2.01 (1.76–2.31) | 2.41 (1.92–3.04) | 1.95 (1.72–2.22) | |
| gSOS | 1.17 (1.03–1.33) | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 1.20 (1.08–1.32) | ||
| Likelihood ratio test p value | 1.7 × 10−2 | 2.7 × 10−1 | 3.7 × 10−4 | ||
| Fracture ~ FRAX-BMD | FRAX-BMD | 1.10 (1.08–1.13) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.07 (1.05–1.08) | |
| Fracture ~ FRAX-BMD + gSOS | FRAX-BMD | 1.10 (1.07–1.12) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | |
| gSOS | 1.31 (1.15–1.48) | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 1.25 (1.13–1.37) | ||
| Likelihood ratio test p value | 3.0 × 10−5 | 5.3 × 10−2 | 1.1 × 10−5 | ||
*Only 4717 individuals in the UK Biobank had measured femoral neck BMD and were included; 125 individuals experienced incident major osteoporotic fracture; only one individual experienced incident hip fracture; thus, model comparison was not conducted
§Based on one unit (percent of 10-year fracture probability) increase in FRAX-CRF or FRAX-BMD
¶Based on one standard deviation decrease in measured femoral neck BMD