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. 2021 Feb 3;12:101. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02150-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — MiR-205 expression is decreased during the process of DO. a Canine model of MDO. At the end of the distraction phase (DO14) and 2 weeks of consolidation (DO28), callus samples from the distraction gap were harvested for small RNA-seq. b Heatmap of small RNA-seq results. The top ten up- or downregulated miRNAs were identified. c qPCR results revealed that miR-205 exhibited the greatest fold-change in expression levels (n = 10 per group). d The expression of miR-205 during different stages of DO. The expression of miR-205 gradually decreased before finally plateauing after 4 weeks of consolidation (day 42). e ECFCs and serum isolated on DO28 were found to express less miR-205 than those from DO21, DO14, and DO7 samples, with the expression of this miRNA decreasing over time. f The levels of circulating VEGF in serum from DO28 animals were also significantly higher than in serum from other DO time points. g, h Vascular markers (CD31 and VEGF) were upregulated in the distraction callus during DO (N.S, no significance; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001)