. 2021 Feb 4;21:100. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02017-z

Table 3.

Comparison of Socio-Physical Environment Satisfaction, Social Support Networks, Social Activity Participation, and Happiness ^a

Characteristics		Categories	Living alone (n = 3059)		Living with their spouse (n = 6644)		Living with their family (n = 4984)		χ²	p
Characteristics		Categories	n	%	n	%	n	%
Satisfaction with socio-physical environment	Trust in neighbors	No	911	6.6	1754	12.6	1380	9.9	13.99	.001
	Trust in neighbors	Yes	1971	14.2	4550	32.8	3309	23.9
	Help from neighbors	No	1563	11.0	2886	20.3	2447	17.2	69.97	< .001
	Help from neighbors	Yes	1392	9.8	3561	25.1	2360	16.6
	Neighborhood safety level	No	520	3.6	987	6.9	805	5.6	9.49	.009
	Neighborhood safety level	Yes	2467	17.1	5557	38.6	4063	28.2
	Natural environment	No	629	4.3	1391	9.5	1048	7.2	0.26	.876
	Natural environment	Yes	2400	16.5	5217	35.8	3884	26.7
	Life environment	No	377	2.6	729	5.0	561	3.8	3.88	.144
	Life environment	Yes	2663	18.3	5877	40.3	4381	30.0
	Condition of public transportation	No	497	3.4	970	6.7	681	4.7	9.84	.007
	Condition of public transportation	Yes	2536	17.4	5635	38.7	4245	29.1
	Condition of medical facilities	No	475	3.3	864	5.9	661	4.5	12.05	.002
	Condition of medical facilities	Yes	2558	17.6	5726	39.4	4262	29.3
Social support networks	Contact with family	Less than once a month	612	4.1	833	5.7	1068	7.3	229.51	< .001
		Once a month	327	2.2	848	5.8	701	4.8
		2–3 times a month	397	2.7	961	6.5	714	4.9
		Once a week	464	3.1	1112	7.6	633	4.3
		2–3 times a week	467	3.2	1026	7.0	646	4.4
		≥ 4 times a week	788	5.4	1864	12.7	1220	8.3
	Contact with neighbors	Less than once a month	895	6.1	1960	13.4	1586	10.9	67.38	< .001
		Once a month	165	1.1	446	3.1	333	2.3
		2–3 times a month	157	1.1	436	3.0	325	2.2
		Once a week	176	1.2	526	3.6	404	2.8
		2–3 times a week	404	2.8	909	6.2	637	4.4
		≥ 4 times a week	1243	8.5	2327	15.9	1667	11.4
	Contact with friends	Less than once a month	967	6.6	1691	11.5	1413	9.6	109.40	< .001
		Once a month	358	2.5	1057	7.2	724	4.9
		2–3 times a month	264	1.8	795	5.4	604	4.1
		Once a week	252	1.7	652	4.5	472	3.2
		2–3 times a week	395	2.7	918	6.3	579	4.0
		≥ 4 times a week	818	5.6	1524	10.4	1174	8.0
Participation in social activities	Religious activities	No	1757	12.0	4206	28.6	2962	20.2	35.85	< .001
	Religious activities	Yes	1302	8.9	2438	16.6	2021	13.7
	Belonging to communities	No	1719	11.7	2557	17.4	2330	15.9	275.06	< .001
	Belonging to communities	Yes	1340	9.1	4087	27.8	2653	18.1
	Leisure activities	No	2563	17.4	5005	34.1	4006	27.3	101.15	< .001
	Leisure activities	Yes	496	3.4	1639	11.2	976	6.6
	Charity activities	No	2904	19.8	6163	42.0	4679	31.8	17.75	< .001
	Charity activities	Yes	155	1.0	481	3.3	303	2.1

^a No responses were excluded