Figure 5.

CD31 blood vessel density in melanoma brain metastases from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill craniotomy cohort. Images in the upper row (A–C) correspond to immature blood vessels (CD31+αSMA-); middle row images (D–F) correspond to mature blood vessels (CD31+αSMA-); lower row images (G–I) correspond to total (CD31+) blood vessels. Digital images that correspond to representative tissue sections stained with antibodies against CD31 [pseudocolored with red, (A, D)] and αSMA [pseudocolored with green, (A, D)] by two-color immunofluorescence (IF) and by CD31 by single-color immunohistochemistry (G, H) are shown. Tissue slides stained by two-color IF were subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (B, E). Areas with CD31+αSMA- blood vessels [yellow arrowheads, (A)] trend (p=0.07) to have high intratumoral hemorrhage [yellow arrows, (B)], whereas areas with CD31+αSMA+ blood vessels [blue arrowheads, (D)] have significantly low/absent intratumoral hemorrhage [blue arrows, center image, (E)]. Areas with high [black arrows, (G)] versus low density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (H) are also shown. Boxplots showing correlation between blood vessel density of immature [CD31+αSMA-, (C)] and mature [CD31+αSMA+, (F)] blood vessels with hemorrhage. (I) shows density of CD31+ blood vessels with TILs (H&E).