Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of mortality predictors hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019

		Univariable			Multivariable
Variable	N (%)	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Age ≥ 65 yrs. vs < 65 yrs	78 (39)	4.45	2.19–9.04	< 0.001	3.78	1.74–8.22	0.001
Female gender	79 (39.5)	0.81	0.40–1.60	0.54
Race–Black	143 (71.5)	1.52	0.69–3.32	0.29
Current or ex-smoker	50 (25)	1.71	0.83–3.54	0.14
Body mass index, kg/m2
18.5–24.9	45 (22.5)	Ref.
25–29.9	64 (32)	0.89	0.39–2.03	0.79
≥ 30	74 (37)	0.61	0.27–1.38	0.24
Hypertension	130 (65)	2.21	1.02–4.79	0.04	0.89	0.34–2.32	0.81
Diabetes mellitus	100 (50)	1.49	0.77–2.93	0.23
Coronary artery disease	33 (16.5)	2.32	1.04–5.19	0.04	1.11	0.43–2.85	0.82
Heart failure	26 (13)	0.59	0.19–1.81	0.36
Dyslipidemia	69 (34.5)	2.79	1.41–5.51	0.003	2.12	0.94–4.77	0.07
Lung diseases	37 (18.5)	1.13	0.49–2.61	0.79
Chronic kidney disease	60 (30)	2.03	1.02–4.05	0.04	1.25	0.56–3.01	0.54
Chronic hemodialysis	27 (13.5)	0.56	0.18–1.71	0.31
History of stroke	22 (11.0)	2.73	1.08–6.88	0.03	1.34	0.45–4.02	0.59
Vital signs on presentation
Systolic BP, mmHg	200 (100)	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.70
Diastolic BP, mmHg	200 (100)	0.98	0.97–1.01	0.37
Heart rate, b/m	200 (100)	1.00	0.98–1.02	0.78
Respiratory rate, b/m	200 (100)	1.06	0.98–1.15	0.10
Oxygen saturation (%)	200 (100)	0.89	0.82–0.97	0.01	0.84	0.76–0.93	0.001
Admission laboratory variable
Creatinine, mg/dla*
< 1	75 (43.4)	Ref.			Ref.
1–2	67 (38.7)	3.07	1.23–7.64	0.016	2.45	0.91–6.55	0.074
> 2	31 (17.9)	7.85	2.84–21.7	<0.001	4.51	1.29–15.8	0.018
BUN, mg/dlb*
< 25	117 (67.6)	Ref.			Ref.
25–35	21 (12.1)	4.2	1.48–11.8	0.007	3.71	1.12–12.2	0.031
> 35	35 (20.3)	7.2	3.06–16.9	<0.0001	4.73	1.63–13.6	0.004
CPK, IU/L*
< 250	95 (55.9)	Ref.			Ref.
250–1000	51 (30.0)	4.06	1.81–9.16	0.001	3.49	1.47–8.25	0.004
> 1000	24 (14.1)	4.51	1.66–12.2	0.003	3.57	1.23–10.3	0.019
Troponin, ng/ml*
< 0.05	122 (69.7)	Ref.			Ref.
0.05–0.10	30 (17.1)	2.95	1.22–7.14	0.016	1.92	0.69–5.32	0.20
> 0.10	23 (13.2)	5.56	2.15–14.4	0.001	2.92	0.98–8.70	0.06
Procalcitonin, ng/ml*
< 0.5	93 (58.9)	Ref.			Ref.
0.5–2.5	35 (22.2)	1.55	0.68–3.79	0.329	1.74	0.63–4.81	0.28
> 2.5	30 (18.9)	3.89	1.62–9.34	0.002	4.21	1.47–12.0	0.007
Lactic acid, mm/l*
< 2.2	153 (82.7)	Ref.			Ref.
> 2.2	32 (17.3)	2.69	1.20–6.04	0.016	1.97	0.80–4.82	0.13
LDH, IU/L*
< 300	61 (34.3)	Ref.			Ref.
300–400	52 (29.2)	1.42	0.45–4.54	0.549	1.34	0.38–4.74	0.64
> 400	65 (36.5)	5.72	2.15–15.3	< 0.001	9.14	2.97–28.1	< 0.001
CRP, mg/dl*
< 10	75 (42.4)	Ref.			Ref.
10–20	68 (38.4)	2.79	1.11–6.79	0.028	2.57	0.96–6.89	0.060
> 20	34 (19.2)	5.18	1.89–14.2	0.001	5.56	1.84–16.8	0.002
Initial D-dimer, μg/ml*
< 1	75 (40.8)	Ref.			Ref.
1–3	68 (36.9)	3.06	1.27–7.29	0.012	1.88	0.72–4.90	0.195
> 3	41 (22.3)	3.03	1.15–7.99	0.025	2.12	0.73–6.13	0.164
Ferritin, ng/ml*
< 500	99 (52.9)	Ref.			Ref.
500–2000	64 (34.2)	2.02	0.92–4.42	0.076	2.74	1.11–6.70	0.027
> 2000	24 (12.8)	3.36	1.24–9.06	0.017	5.42	1.63–17.9	0.006
Highest D-dimer, μg/ml *
< 3	104 (57.5)	Ref.			Ref.
3–6	33 (20.4)	10.7	3.48–32.9	< 0.001	10.9	3.33–36.2	< 0.001
> 6	44 (22.1)	21.9	7.34–65.2	< 0.001	23.7	7.33–76.7	< 0.001

BP, blood pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, c-reactive protein; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; CI, confidence interval; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; OR, odds ration

^a,bValues excluding ESRD patients

*Data was not available for all patients