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. 2020 Apr 17;76(1):32–40. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa090

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© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Elevated level of serum BDNF after probiotic supplementation. (A) Change from baseline of serum BDNF is shown. Data are presented as mean (SEM). *p < .05 for time × treatment from a mixed-model analysis of variance. (B) Scatter diagrams with regression lines show the relationship between relative abundance of shifted gut bacteria after probiotic supplementation and the level of serum BDNF. Measurements were rank-normalized and plotted separately for the placebo and probiotics group. Correlation coefficient (R_S) and p-values based on Spearman rank correlation analysis. BDNF = Brain-derived neurotrophic factor.