Table 3.

Neural frequency bands, their potential roles in predictive processing, and possible experiential consequences.

Frequency band	Role in predictive processing	Potential experiential consequences
Gamma (~30–120 Hz)	Ascending prediction-errors	Sensory sensitivity and detail
Beta (~13–30 Hz)	Descending predictions	Perceptual vividness
Alpha (~8–12 Hz)	Predictions integrated into coherent (egocentric) spatial, temporal, and causal reference frames	Basic phenomenal consciousness
Theta (~3–7 Hz)	Predictions integrated with internally-generated actions and comparisons among recent (and counterfactual) experiences	Access consciousness, agency, and shaping of phenomenal consciousness via actions
Delta (~0.5–2 Hz)	Higher-level predictions for active inference unfolding at slower and more inclusive temporal and spatial scales	Unclear; possibly autonoetic consciousness and complex cognition; emotions and feelings, broadly construed as global alterations of states of consciousness and means of aligning spatiotemporal dynamics between mind and world (Northoff and Huang, 2017)