Table 1. Characteristics of study participants.
| Untreated | Treated | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 17,569) | (N = 46,099) | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 61 (52–71) | 58 (51–66) | <0.001 |
| Age categories | |||
| <50 | 3,161 (18.0) | 9,214 (20.0) | |
| 50≤-<60 | 4,875 (27.8) | 16,430 (35.6) | |
| 60≤-<70 | 4,379 (24.9) | 13,085 (28.4) | |
| >70 | 5,154 (29.3) | 7,370 (16.0) | |
| Sex | < 0.01 | ||
| Male | 13,908 (79.2) | 37,055 (80.4) | |
| Female | 3,661 (20.8) | 9,044 (19.6) | |
| Year of Diagnosis | <0.001 | ||
| 2008 | 3,467 (19.7) | 6,915 (15.0) | |
| 2009 | 3,151 (17.9) | 7,607 (16.5) | |
| 2010 | 3,126 (17.8) | 7,774 (16.9) | |
| 2011 | 2,693 (15.3) | 8,093 (17.6) | |
| 2012 | 2,560 (14.6) | 7,921 (17.2) | |
| 2013 | 2,572 (14.6) | 7,789 (16.9) | |
| Seer Stage | <0.001 | ||
| Localized | 6,169 (35.1) | 26,999 (58.6) | |
| Regional | 4,669 (26.6) | 10,285 (22.3) | |
| Distant | 3,409 (19.4) | 4,014 (8.7) | |
| Unknown | 3,322 (18.9) | 4,801 (10.4) | |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 131 (0.8) | 292 (0.6) | 0.12 |
| Congestive heart failure | 693 (3.9) | 1,167 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1,341 (7.6) | 2,289 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 487 (2.8) | 428 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Renal disease | 328 (1.9) | 625 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Paraplegia and hemiplegia | 188 (1.1) | 225 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus with complication | 2,059 (11.7) | 4,674 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| AIDS/HIV. | 7 (0.0) | 14 (0.0) | 0.56 |
| Severe liver disease, yes | 2,572 (14.6) | 4,624 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Etiology | <0.001 | ||
| Hepatitis B virus* | 8,288 (47.2) | 33,465 (72.6) | |
| Hepatitis C virus | 1,195 (6.8) | 3,683 (8.0) | |
| Other† | 8,086 (46.0) | 8,951 (19.4) | |
| Income percentile | <0.001 | ||
| Medical aid beneficiary | 2,991 (17.0) | 5,861 (12.7) | |
| ≤30 | 4,328 (24.6) | 11,032 (23.9) | |
| 31–70 | 5,387 (30.7) | 14,323 (31.1) | |
| >70 | 4,863 (27.7) | 14,883 (32.3) | |
| Residency area | <0.001 | ||
| Urban | 10,627 (60.5) | 29,308 (63.6) | |
| Rural | 6,675 (38.0) | 16,116 (35.0) | |
| Unknown | 267 (1.5) | 675 (1.5) |
Values were presented n (%) or median (IQR)
* Including patients co-infected with HBV and HCV
† Including patients who had other liver disease except HBV and HCV (cirrhosis, steatohepatitis, and fatty liver etc.) or unknown.