Table 1. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the three groups.
| Variables | HIV-infected (n = 26) | HIV-uninfected IC (n = 147) | Non-IC (n = 14) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, y (range) | 44.5 (37.5–54.2) | 64.0 (57.0–72.0) | 74.0 (71.2–80.2) | <0.000 |
| Male | 26 (100%) | 99 (67.3%) | 6 (42.9%) | <0.000 |
| Hematological malignancy | ― | 80 (54.4%) | ― | |
| Solid organ tumor | ― | 21 (14.3%) | ― | |
| Rheumatic disease | ― | 21 (14.3%) | ― | |
| Medication with immunosuppressive agents | ― | 25 (17.0%) | ― | |
| Hypertension | 2 (7.7%) | 56 (38.1%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes | 1 (3.8%) | 37 (25.2%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.040 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 1 (3.8%) | 6 (4.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.858 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 1 (3.8%) | 9 (6.1%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.079 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1 (3.8%) | 10 (6.8%) | 7 (50.0%) | <0.000 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0%) | 16 (10.9%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.083 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (3.8%) | 13 (8.8%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.683 |
| Cough | 14 (53.8%) | 59 (40.1%) | 10 (71.4%) | 0.046 |
| Fever | 9 (34.6%) | 68 (46.3%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.541 |
| Dyspnea | 16 (61.5%) | 80 (54.4%) | 12 (85.7%) | 0.070 |
| BAL fluid | 11 (42.3%) | 14 (9.5%) | 3 (21.4%) | <0.000 |
| WBC (*103/μL) | 6.7 (3.1–8.3) | 7.7 (2.9–11.9) | 12.0 (9.4–14.6) | 0.024 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 3.0 (0.8–3.0) | 12.1 (8.3–19.3) | 11.6 (4.2–18.4) | <0.000 |
| LDH (U/L) | 778 (640–1036) | 809 (541–1194) | 1078 (849–1574) | 0.134 |
| AaDO2 (mmHg) | 44 (20–119) | 393 (109–464) | 474 (75–488) | <0.000 |
| P/F ratio (mmHg) | 147 (86–159) | 46 (36–104) | 45 (38–94) | <0.000 |
| Initial treatment | 0.760 | |||
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 26 (100%) | 145 (98.6%) | 14 (100%) | |
| Primaquine + clindamycin | 0 | 2 (1.4%) | 0 | |
| Interval between admission and anti-PCP treatment, days | 1.0 (0–4.2) | 3.0 (0–7.0) | 7.0 (2.0–10.0) | 0.014 |
| Glucocorticoids | 13 (50.0%) | 125 (85.0%) | 12 (85.7%) | <0.000 |
| Antibiotics | 0.5 (0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 (2.0–2.0) | <0.000 |
| Mechanical ventilator support | 5 (19.2%) | 57 (38.8%) | 9 (64.3%) | 0.018 |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 4 (15.4%) | 35 (24.0%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.346 |
| In-hospital mortality | 4 (15.4%) | 72 (49.0%) | 10 (71.4%) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). AaDO2, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CRP, C-reactive protein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IC, immunocompromised; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; P/F, PaO2/FiO2; WBC, white blood cells.