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. 2020 Nov 27;9:e61591. doi: 10.7554/eLife.61591

Figure 7. Dopamine neuron inhibition induces subtle changes in reach-to-grasp kinematics.

(A) Average maximum reach extent across sessions for ‘during reach’ inhibition. Linear mixed model: effect of laser: t(63) = −1.72, p=0.09; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = 0.03, p=0.98. (B) Same as (A) for ‘between reach’ inhibition. Linear mixed model: effect of laser: t(63) = −0.23, p=0.82; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = 0.99, p=0.32. Figure 7—figure supplement 1 shows the relationship between reach extent and fiber tip location for these groups. (C) Moving average of maximum reach extent within the last ‘retraining’ sessions, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 5 ‘occlusion’ sessions. (D) Same as (A) for aperture: effect of laser: t(48) = 0.53, p=0.60; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = 1.76, p=0.08. (E) Moving average of grasp aperture at reach end within the last ‘retraining’ session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 4 ‘occlusion’ sessions. (F) Same as (A) and (D) for paw orientation: effect of laser: t(75) = −0.20, p=0.84; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = −0.28, p=0.78. (G) Moving average of paw angle at reach end within the last ‘retraining' session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 4 ‘occlusion’ sessions. (H) Same as (A), (D), and (F) for maximum reach velocity: effect of laser: t(49) = −0.52, p=0.60; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = −1.68, p=0.09. (I) Moving average of maximum reach velocity within the last ‘retraining’ session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 4 ‘occlusion’ sessions. ‘R10’, ‘L1’, ‘O1’, etc. indicate the 10th retraining session, first ‘laser on’ session, first ‘occlusion’ session, etc. Shaded colored areas in C, E, G, I and error bars in A, B, D, H represent s.e.m. Similar data for Arch Between rats are shown in Figure 7—figure supplement 2. Individual rat data are shown in Figure 7—figure supplements 3–6. Figure 7—figure supplement 7 compares kinematic measures (final zdigit2, aperture, paw orientation, and maximum reach velocity) between successful and unsuccessful reaches for Arch during and Arch between rats. Figure 7—figure supplement 8 shows success rate and kinematic measures as a function of final zdigit2 for Arch during and Arch between rats. Black bars in (E) and (G) represent trials with a statistically significant difference between groups (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p<0.01).

Figure 7—source data 1. A .mat file containing maximum reach extent of digit2 (mean_dig2_endPt), aperture at reach end (mean_end_aperture), paw orientation at reach end (mean_end_orientations), and mean paw velocity (mean_pd_v) for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
Data is average per session for each rat. The field ‘experimentInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—source data 2. A .mat file containing digit2 endpoint (digEnd), aperture at reach end (aperture), orientation at reach end (orientation), and velocity (velocity) averages across a moving block of 10 trials for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
The field ‘exptInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—source data 3. Statistics.
A .xlsx file containing the statistical output of Wilcoxon ranksum tests for comparisons between Arch During and EYFP group averages in Figures 6D, F, H and J.

Figure 7.

Figure 7—figure supplement 1. Maximum reach extent on laser day 10 as a function of anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and dorsal-ventral fiber tip coordinates referenced to bregma (A–P and M–L) or brain surface (D–V).

Figure 7—figure supplement 1.

The same symbol represents the same rat across panels within each group. r and p values are for linear regressions fit to each plot. (A) ‘Arch during’ group. (B) ‘Arch between’ group.
Figure 7—figure supplement 1—source data 1. A .mat file containing digit2 endpoints (mean_dig2_endPt) for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
Data is average per session for each rat. The field ‘experimentInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 1—source data 2. A .xlsx file containing the estimated fiber tip locations for each rat in all groups.
Virus 1 = ‘ChR2 During’; Virus 2 = ‘ChR2 Between’; Virus 3 = ‘Arch During’; Virus 4 = ‘Arch Between’; Virus 5 = ‘EYFP’.
Figure 7—figure supplement 2. Reach-to-grasp kinematics do not change with dopamine neuron inhibition between reaches.

Figure 7—figure supplement 2.

(A) Moving average of maximum reach extent for ‘between reach’ inhibition within the last ‘retraining’ session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 5 ‘occlusion’ sessions. Data for ‘during reach’ inhibition from Figure 7C are shown here for comparison. (B) Average aperture at reach end for ‘between reach’ inhibition. Linear mixed model: effect of laser: t(48) = 0.05, p=0.96; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = 0.26, p=0.80. (C) Moving average of aperture at reach end for ‘between reach’ inhibition within the last ‘retraining’ session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 4 ‘occlusion’ sessions. (D) Same as (B) for paw orientation: effect of laser: t(75) = −0.11, p=0.91; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = 0.50, p=0.62. (E) Moving average of paw angle at reach end for ‘between reach’ inhibition within the last ‘retraining’ session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 4 ‘occlusion’ sessions. (F) Same as (B) and (D) for maximum reach velocity: effect of laser: t(49) = −0.19, p=0.85; interaction between laser and session: t(585) = 0.49, p=0.62. (G) Moving average of maximum reach velocity at reach end for ‘between reach’ inhibition within the last ‘retraining’ session, first 6 ‘laser on’ sessions, and first 4 ‘occlusion’ sessions. ‘R10’, ‘L1’, ‘O1’, etc. indicate the 10th retraining session, first ‘laser on’ session, first ‘occlusion’ session, etc. Shaded colored areas in A, C, E, G and error bars in B, D, F represent s.e.m.
Figure 7—figure supplement 2—source data 1. A .mat file containing aperture at reach end (mean_end_aperture), paw orientation at reach end (mean_end_orientations), and mean paw velocity (mean_pd_v) for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
Data is average per session for each rat. The field ‘experimentInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 2—source data 2. A .mat file containing digit2 endpoint (digEnd), aperture at reach end (aperture), orientation at reach end (orientation), and velocity (velocity) averages across a moving block of 10 trials for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
The field ‘exptInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 2—source data 3. Statistics.
A .xlsx file containing the statistical output of Wilcoxon ranksum tests for comparisons between Arch During and Arch Between group averages in Figure 7—figure supplement 2 panels A, C, E, and G.
Figure 7—figure supplement 3. Individual rat data for moving average of maximum reach extent within individual sessions (‘Arch During’ and ‘Arch Between’).

Figure 7—figure supplement 3.

Each colored line represents the same rat across panels. ‘R10’, ‘L1’, ‘O1’, etc. indicate the 10th retraining session, first ‘laser on’ session, first ‘occlusion’ session, etc.
Figure 7—figure supplement 3—source data 1. A .mat file containing digit2 endpoint (digEnd) averages across a moving block of 10 trials for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
The field ‘exptInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 4. Individual rat data for moving average of grasp aperture at reach end within individual sessions (‘Arch During’ and ‘Arch Between’).

Figure 7—figure supplement 4.

Each colored line represents the same rat across panels. ‘R10’, ‘L1’, ‘O1’, etc. indicate the 10th retraining session, first ‘laser on’ session, first ‘occlusion’ session, etc.
Figure 7—figure supplement 4—source data 1. A .mat file containing aperture at reach end averages across a moving block of 10 trials for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
The field ‘exptInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 5. Individual rat data for moving average of paw angle at reach end within individual sessions (‘Arch During’ and ‘Arch Between’).

Figure 7—figure supplement 5.

Each colored line represents the same rat across panels. ‘R10’, ‘L1’, ‘O1’, etc. indicate the 10th retraining session, first ‘laser on’ session, first ‘occlusion’ session, etc.
Figure 7—figure supplement 5—source data 1. A .mat file containing orientation at reach end averages across a moving block of 10 trials for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
The field ‘exptInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 6. Individual rat data for moving average of maximum reach velocity within individual sessions (‘Arch During’ and ‘Arch Between’).

Figure 7—figure supplement 6.

Each colored line represents the same rat across panels. ‘R10’, ‘L1’, ‘O1’, etc. indicate the 10th retraining session, first ‘laser on’ session, first ‘occlusion’ session, etc.
Figure 7—figure supplement 6—source data 1. A .mat file containing reach velocity averages across a moving block of 10 trials for 22 testing sessions (‘retraining’, ‘laser on’, and ‘occluded’).
The field ‘exptInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 7. Kinematic measures separated by reach success or failure for Arch during (left column) and Arch between (right column) groups.

Figure 7—figure supplement 7.

(A) Average maximum reach extent. There was no significant difference in maximum reach extent by outcome during ‘Laser On’ sessions for Arch during (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1188) = 1.45, p=0.15; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1188) = −1.18, p=0.24) or Arch between groups (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1188) = 1.19, p=0.23; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1188) = −1.16, p=0.25). (B) Same as (A) for aperture at the end of the reach. There was no significant difference in aperture by outcome during ‘Laser On’ sessions for Arch during (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1163) = −1.39, p=0.17; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1164) = 1.25, p=0.21) or Arch between groups (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1163) = −1.30, p=0.19; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1163) = 0.92, p=0.36). (C) Same as (A) for reach orientation at the end of the reach. There was no significant difference in orientation by outcome during ‘Laser On’ sessions for Arch during (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1184) = 0.23, p=0.82; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1186) = −0.16, p=0.88) or Arch between groups (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1184) = 0.92, p=0.36; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1184) = −0.76, p=0.45). (D) Same as (A) for maximum reach velocity. There was no significant difference in velocity by outcome during ‘Laser On’ sessions for Arch during (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1187) = 0.21, p=0.84; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1188) = −0.72, p=0.47) or Arch between groups (interaction between laser and outcome: t(1187) = 0.18, p=0.86; interaction between session, laser, and outcome: t(1187) = −0.17, p=0.87).
Figure 7—figure supplement 7—source data 1. A .mat file containing digit2 endpoint (mean_dig2_endPt_z), aperture at reach end (mean_end_aperture), orientation at reach end (mean_end_orientation), and reach velocity (mean_pd_v) separated by trial outcome.
Each column is a different outcome type, which are specified in the field ‘outcomeNames’ (e.g. column two is first reach success).
Figure 7—figure supplement 8. Differences between reaches matched for reach extent in the Arch during (left column) and Arch between (right column) groups.

Figure 7—figure supplement 8.

(A) Average number of trials per session with different initial reach extents in each group. (B) Average success rate as a function of reach extent across groups. (C) Same as (B) for aperture at reach end. (D) Same as (B) and (C) for paw orientation at reach end. # indicates p<0.05 for comparisons between laser on and occluded (paired t-tests).
Figure 7—figure supplement 8—source data 1. A .mat file containing digit2 endpoint (digEnd), aperture at reach end (aperture), orientation at reach end (orient), and trial outcomes (outcome) for all trials across all sessions for each rat.
The field ‘experimentInfo’ provides information on groups.
Figure 7—figure supplement 8—source data 2. Statistics.
A .xlsx file containing statistical output for paired t-test comparisons between ‘laser on’ and ‘retraining’ sessions and between ‘laser on’ and ‘occluded’ sessions for Arch During and ChR2 Between groups. ‘Z Block’ is the 10 groups of trials stratified by their maximum zdigit2 extent.