Table 6.
Evaluation of the quality of randomized controlled trials.
| Author (year) | Selection bias (randomization sequence generation) | Selection bias (allocation concealment) | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | Other biases | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High risk |
Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | |
| Seto (2014) [12] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| Kitagawa (2019) [19] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| Stinchcombe (2019) [20] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| Saito (2019) [13] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| Nakagawa (2019) [15] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
| Zhou (2019) [14] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||