Table 1.

Thirteen types of NPIs from OxCGRT, their general categorisations, and the coding schema used in our analysis to quantify their intensity

NPI groups	Specific NPIs	Coding schema
Internal containment and closure	School closure; workplace closure; cancellation of public events; limits on gathering sizes; closure of public transport; stay-at-home requirement; internal movement restriction	Any effort scenario: NPIs are binary variables, considered “present” as long as any (non-zero) effort is made. Maximum effort scenario: NPIs are binary variables, considered “present” only if the maximum effort is made. For example, an intervention X has levels 0–3. A record at level 2 is converted to 1 under any effort and 0 under maximum effort scenarios.
International travel restrictions	International movement restriction
Economic policies	Income support; debt/contract relief for households
Health systems policies	Public information campaign; testing policy; contact tracing