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. 2020 Sep 16;73(1):73–84. doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00159-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

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Fig. 1 — High neutral ceramidase (NC) and acid ceramidase (AC) activities in the ventral mesencephalon are associated with superior performance in a short-term memory task in rats. a Naïve rats were divided into 3 groups according to the percent of spontaneous alternations in a Y-maze test (n = 10/group). b No differences in serum NC activity between different learner types. c NC activity in the brain of different learner type rats. d AC activity in the brain of different learner type rats. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (VS ventral striatum, DS dorsal striatum, DH dorsal hippocampus, VM ventral mesencephalon, Hyp hypothalamus; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)