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. 2020 Sep 16;73(1):73–84. doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00159-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Ventral mesencephalon (VM) neutral ceramidase (NC) activity is associated with depression-like, but not anxiety-like behavior in rats. a Naïve rats were divided into 3 groups according to their NC activity in the VM (n = 10/group). b Enhanced depression-like behavior in animals with high VM NC activity. c No differences in anxiety in the elevated plus maze test. d–i Correlations between NC activity in the VM and tissue levels of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (VS ventral striatum, DS dorsal striatum, DH dorsal hippocampus, VM ventral mesencephalon, Hyp hypothalamus; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)