TABLE 1.
Clinical information of the subjects enrolled in the metabolomics study
| Baseline characteristic | Discovery set | Validation set | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy subjects (n = 31) | T2DM patients (n = 31) | Non‐diabetic pneumonia patients (n = 31) | Pneumonia patients with T2DM (n = 36) | Healthy subjects (N = 27) | T2DM patients (n = 27) | Non‐diabetic pneumonia patients (n = 31) | Pneumonia patients with T2DM (n = 25) | |
| Age, years | 72.0 (65.0–79.0) | 73.0 (71.0–79.0) | 68.0 (62.0–82.0) | 69.0 (65.0–77.0) | 63.0 (60.0–68.0) | 63.0 (62.0–65.0) | 67.0 (54.0–74.0) | 65.0 (56.5–76.5) |
| Male (n,%) | 21 (68) | 27 (87) | 25 (81) | 25 (69) | 19 (70) | 19 (70) | 16 (52) | 21 (84) |
| BMI, kg·m−2 | 25.2 (23.5–25.9) | 23.7 (22.2–25.3) | 22.6 (20.8–26.3) | 24.5 (22.6–26.8) | 23.6 (20.7–27.0) | 24.7 (21.4–27.1) | 21.9 (21.0–23.7) | 24.2 (22.1–26.1) |
| Leucocyte (× 109/L) | 6.8 (5.6–8.3) | 5.9 (5.1–7.1) | 8.1 (4.7–11.7) a | 6.5 (4.9–10.3) a | 5.8 (4.8–6.4) | 5.7 (5.0–6.9) | 7.3 (5.8–13.3) a | 7.5 (5.6–10.1) a |
| Neutrophil (× 109/L) | 4.0 (3.2–4.9) | 3.4 (2.9–4.1) | 5.9 (2.9–8.3) a | 5.4 (3.3–8.5) a | 3.4 (2.7–3.8) | 3.2 (2.9–4.1) | 5.1 (3.4–11.1) a | 4.8 (3.4–7.4) a |
| Lymphocyte(× 109/L) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 1.7 (1.22–2.05) | 1.9 (1.6–2.20) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) a | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) |
| NLR | 2.0 (1.7, 2.5) | 2.3 (1.8, 2.9) | 4.9 (2.3, 10.1) a | 5.9 (3.4, 10.4) a | 1.9 (1.8, 2.6) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.3) | 5.0 (2.3, 12.3) a | 2.7 (1.9, 5.8) |
| Neutrophil, % | 60.0 (53.0–65.0) | 61.4 (56.7–66.7) | 75.9 (60.2–84.0) a | 76.1 (69.3–84.4) a | 60.0 (55.0–65.0) | 60.0 (51.9–63.7) | 73.8 (62.2–84.5) a | 67.4 (59.0–78.3) a |
| Lymphocyte,% | 29.0 (25.0–33.0) | 26.8 (23.7–32.1) | 16.1 (8.3–26.2) a | 13.7 (8.3–22.3) a | 31.0 (21.0–35.0) | 31.8 (27.5–37.1) | 18.5 (7.3–27.7) a | 23.0 (8.9–30.0) a |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.0 (42.0–50.0) | 46.0 (44.3–47.8) | 32.0 (27.0–35.0) a | 32.0 (26.3–34.6) a | 46.0 (40.0–51.0) | 44.0 (42.8–46.0) | 35.0 (28.0–40.0) a | 32.0 (30.0–37.5) a |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 70.0 (64.0–79.0) | 84.0 (74.0–88.0) | 74.0 (59.0–85.0) | 72.0 (62.0–96.5) | 75.0 (68.0–80.0) | 70.5 (60.0–78.8) | 75.0 (66.0–85.0) | 71.0 (60.5–81.0) |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 4.6 (3.2–6.4) | 5.6 (5.1–7.1) | 5.3 (4.0–7.3) a | 5.4 (3.4–7.5) | 4.9 (3.6–5.6) | 5.2 (4.1–6.4) | 5.8 (4.4–7.2) a | 6.5 (4.7–7.5) a |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.4–5.4) | 7.5 (6.8–9. 1) a | 5.5 (5.0–6.4) | 9.4 (7.2–11.8) a , b | 5.1 (4.7–5.4) | 8.8 (8.3–10.2) a | 5.4 (4.9–6.6) | 8.2 (6.1–12.5) a , b |
| D‐Dimer (mg/L) | 1.5 (0.3–4.1) | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 1.2 (0.3–3.6) | 1.0 (0.3–3.6) | ||||
| Fg (g/L) | 4.6 (3.2–6.2) | 4.1 (2.7–5.3) | 3.8 (2.8–5.7) | 3.9 (2.5–6.1) | ||||
|
CURB‐65 score (n, %) 0–1 2 ≥3 |
21(68) 9(29) 1(3) |
22(61) 13(36) 1(3) |
19(61) 11(36) 1(3) |
17(68) 5(20) 3(12) |
||||
| Length of stay | 12.0 (8.0–20.0) | 19.5 (13.3–26.0) b | 19.0 (10.0–27.0) | 25.0 (14.0–36.0) | ||||
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
a
Represented p < 0.05 in the comparison of clinical parameters in T2DM without pneumonia, non‐diabetic pneumonia patients, pneumonia patients with T2DM versus healthy subjects without pneumonia or T2DM by one‐way ANOVA.
b
Represented p < 0.05 in the comparison of clinical parameters in non‐diabetic pneumonia patients versus pneumonia patients with T2DM.