. 2021 Jan 22;7:612504. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.612504

Table 4.

Proportions of fatty acids (g/100 g total fatty acids) in milk fat distinguished by breed and period.

Fatty acid	Breed			Period		SEM	Significance
	Ho	Mo	Va	June	July		Breed	Period	Breed × period
C4:0	3.44	3.53	3.24	3.50	3.31	0.100	ns	ns	ns
C6:0	1.94	1.93	1.81	2.00^a	1.79^b	0.050	ns	^*	ns
C8:0	0.90	0.91	0.87	0.95^a	0.83^b	0.027	ns	^*	ns
C10:0	1.69	1.64	1.59	1.77^a	1.51^b	0.059	ns	^**	ns
C12:0	1.88	1.79	1.86	1.98^a	1.76^b	0.061	ns	^**	ns
C12:1c9	0.048	0.051	0.052	0.050	0.051	0.002	ns	ns	ns
C14:0	8.21	8.37	8.05	8.62^a	7.81^b	0.221	ns	^**	ns
C14:1c9	0.77	0.73	0.82	0.75	0.79	0.037	ns	^†	ns
C15:0	1.28	1.28	1.35	1.22^b	1.39^a	0.040	ns	^**	ns
C16:0	23.9	23.9	23.1	24.5^a	22.7^b	0.41	ns	^***	^†
C16:1c9	1.35	1.38	1.26	1.29	1.37	0.052	ns	ns	ns
C17:0	0.81	0.78	0.82	0.80	0.80	0.015	ns	ns	ns
C18:0	13.1	11.7	12.2	12.2	12.6	0.30	ns	ns	ns
C18:1t10	0.21	0.21	0.23	0.23	0.21	0.009	ns	ns	ns
C18:1t11	2.15	2.25	2.50	2.28	2.31	0.132	ns	ns	ns
C18:1c9	25.1	26.2	26.3	24.9^b	26.8^a	0.444	ns	^**	ns
C18:2n-6	1.19	1.14	1.28	1.18	1.22	0.023	^†	ns	ns
C18:3n-3	0.82^b	0.87^ab	0.97^a	0.85	0.92	0.022	^*	^†	ns
C18:2c9t11	0.89	1.08	1.26	1.03	1.129	0.056	ns	ns	ns
ECFA	55.6	54.2	53.1	55.9^a	53.0^b	0.61	ns	^**	ns
OCFA	2.89	2.87	3.01	2.79^b	3.05^a	0.060	ns	^***	ns
BCFA	3.01	3.00	3.08	2.99	3.08	0.076	ns	ns	ns
SFA	60.9	59.6	58.6	61.1^b	58.2^a	0.54	ns	^**	ns
MUFA	33.7	35.0	35.3	33.5^b	35.9^a	0.47	ns	^**	ns
PUFA	4.53	4.62	4.16	4.56^b	4.97^a	0.124	ns	^*	ns
Σcis18:1	26.4	27.5	27.6	26.1^b	28.2^a	0.46	ns	^**	ns
Σtrans18:1	3.46	3.60	3.96	3.60	3.75	0.168	ns	ns	ns
Σn-6	1.52	1.39	1.55	1.46	1.51	0.029	^†	ns	ns
Σn-3	1.12	1.12	1.25	1.12^b	1.21^a	0.027	ns	^*	ns
Ratios
n-6 to n-3	1.37^a	1.24^b	1.25^b	1.31^a	1.26^b	0.019	^*	^*	ns
C14:1c9 to C14:0	0.094	0.086	0.102	0.087^b	0.102^a	0.004	ns	^**	ns
C18:1c9 to C16:0	1.05	1.12	1.15	1.02^b	1.19^a	0.034	ns	^***	ns
Σ de novo synthesized fatty acids	18.0	18.3	17.4	18.8^a	17.0^b	0.42	ns	^*	ns

Significance levels:

^***

p ≤ 0.001,

^**

p ≤ 0.01,

p ≤ 0.05,

^†

p ≤ 0.10, ns p > 0.10.

^{a, b}

Least square means with different superscript letters significantly differ at p < 0.05.

BCFA, branched-chained fatty acids; ECFA, even-chained fatty acids; Ho, Holstein; Mo, Montbéliarde; MUFA, mono-unsaturated fatty acids; OCFA, odd-chained fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; Va, Valdostana Red Pied.