Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics, baseline results of the lesion analysis and physiologic outcomes among the groups distributed by clinical presentation.
| Total | Angina | AMI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per-patient analysis | n = 915 | n = 812 | n = 103 | |
| Age, year | 67.0 (59.0–74.0) | 67.0 (60.0–74.0) | 66.0 (57.0–75.0) | 0.121 |
| Male | 601 (65.7) | 531 (65.4) | 70 (68.0) | 0.605 |
| BMI | 24.7 (22.7–26.7) | 24.8 (22.8–26.7) | 23.9 (22.1–25.6) | 0.010 |
| DM | 368 (40.2) | 320 (39.4) | 48 (46.6) | 0.161 |
| HBP | 655 (71.7) | 584 (72.0) | 71 (68.9) | 0.514 |
| Dyslipidemia | 514 (56.2) | 473 (58.3) | 41 (39.8) | < 0.001 |
| CKD | 92 (10.1) | 72 (8.9) | 20 (19.4) | 0.001 |
| CVA | 71 (7.8) | 61 (7.5) | 10 (9.7) | 0.433 |
| Smoker | 350 (38.3) | 291 (35.9) | 59 (57.3) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of CAD | 49 (5.4) | 44 (5.4) | 5 (4.9) | 0.809 |
| Previous MI | 79 (8.6) | 62 (7.6) | 17 (16.5) | 0.003 |
| Previous PCI | 259 (28.3) | 232 (28.6) | 27 (26.2) | 0.617 |
| Previous CABG | 7 (0.8) | 7 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.999 |
| Framingham score | 11.0 (5.5–17.0) | 11.2 (5.5–17.0) | 10.5 (5.5–17.8) | 0.878 |
| SBP | 124.0 (110.0–140.0) | 124.0 (110.0–140.0) | 130.0 (114.0–146.0) | 0.352 |
| DBP | 75.0 (67.0–80.0) | 75.0 (67.0–80.0) | 74.0 (67.0–80.0) | 0.775 |
| LVEF | 61.0 (56.0–64.8) | 61.2 (57.0–65.0) | 56.0 (45.0–63.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin | 13.2 (11.8–14.5) | 13.2 (11.8–14.5) | 13.2 (11.3–14.9) | 0.721 |
| eGFR | 75.2 (60.2–89.9) | 75.5 (61.9–89.9) | 73.1 (49.5–90.0) | 0.121 |
| hsCRP | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 1.6 (0.3–18.2) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 151.0 (130.0–181.0) | 150.0 (130.0–178.0) | 166.0 (130.0–190.0) | 0.066 |
| Triglyceride | 118.0 (81.0–166.0) | 118.0 (81.0–168.0) | 109.0 (78.0–154.0) | 0.362 |
| HDL | 41.0 (35.0–48.0) | 41.0 (35.0–48.0) | 41.5 (35.0–49.5) | 0.387 |
| LDL | 86.0 (68.0–109.0) | 85.5 (68.0–107.0) | 94.0 (70.0–123.0) | 0.035 |
| HbA1C | 6.2 (5.7–7.1) | 6.2 (5.7–7.1) | 6.3 (5.6–7.4) | 0.794 |
| Dyslipidemia medication | 643 (70.4) | 589 (72.6) | 54 (52.4) | < 0.001 |
| DM medication | 320 (35.1) | 278 (34.4) | 42 (40.8) | 0.199 |
| HBP medication | 675 (73.9) | 600 (74.0) | 75 (72.8) | 0.800 |
| Aspirin medication | 560 (61.3) | 513 (63.3) | 47 (45.6) | 0.001 |
| Other anti-platelet agents | 443 (48.5) | 402 (49.6) | 41 (39.8) | 0.060 |
| Revascularization | 294 (44.7) | 258 (42.8) | 36 (66.7) | 0.001 |
| Per-vessel analysis | n = 1077 | n = 945 | n = 132 | |
| Vessel characteristics | ||||
| LAD (%) | 705 (65.5) | 632 (66.9) | 73 (55.3) | 0.016 |
| LCX (%) | 166 (15.4) | 137 (14.5) | 29 (22.0) | |
| LM (%) | 19 (1.8) | 14 (1.5) | 5 (3.8) | |
| RCA (%) | 187 (17.4) | 162 (17.1) | 25 (18.9) | |
| Multivessel disease | 451 (63.0) | 404 (61.1) | 47 (85.5) | < 0.001 |
| Vessel with a prior stent | 146 (20.4) | 134 (20.3) | 12 (21.8) | 0.785 |
| Bifurcation lesion | 748 (69.5) | 660 (69.9) | 88 (66.7) | 0.448 |
| Tortuosity | 19 (1.8) | 15 (1.6) | 4 (3.0) | 0.277 |
| Calcified lesion | 386 (35.9) | 328 (34.7) | 58 (43.9) | 0.039 |
| Thrombotic lesion | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 0.123 |
| Tandem lesion | 431 (40.1) | 368 (39.0) | 63 (48.1) | 0.046 |
| Physiological parameters and quantitative coronary angiography | ||||
| FFR | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | 0.84 (0.77–0.89) | 0.80 (0.75–0.87) | 0.001 |
| QFR | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | 0.84 (0.77–0.89) | 0.80 (0.75–0.86) | < 0.001 |
| Percent area of stenosis, % | 65.10 (59.10–70.70) | 64.70 (59.10–70.60) | 66.45 (59.85–71.90) | 0.118 |
| Reference diameter, mm | 2.60 (2.30–2.90) | 2.60 (2.30–2.90) | 2.60 (2.20–3.00) | 0.687 |
| Minimal lumen diameter, mm | 1.30 (1.10–1.60) | 1.30 (1.10–1.60) | 1.40 (1.10–1.60) | 0.681 |
| Intraluminal plaque volume, mm3 | 36.40 (22.60–58.30) | 35.90 (22.30–57.50) | 37.85 (23.80–65.00) | 0.235 |
| Flow velocity, m/s | 0.21 (0.15–0.28) | 0.21 (0.15–0.28) | 0.21 (0.15–0.28) | 0.532 |
| Lesion length, mm | 20.15 (13.95–30.05) | 20.15 (14.00–29.85) | 20.35 (13.85–31.85) | 0.736 |
Data are presented as the n (%) for categorical variables and median (IQR) for continuous variables. The p-values for differences were determined using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
AMI acute myocardial infarction, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, HBP high blood pressure, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVA cerebrovascular accident, CAD coronary artery disease, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, LAD left anterior descending artery, LCX left circumflex artery, LM left main artery, RCA right coronary artery, FFR fractional flow reserve, QFR quantitative flow ratio.