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. 2021 Feb 4;11:3040. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82738-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes on the intestinal mucosa of neonatal pigs. The mRNA levels of IFN-α (A) and IL12 (B) were determined using qPCR. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin were used as an internal control to normalize changes in specific gene expressions. The results were presented as fold changes relative to the control animals. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences between each group and each dpi (p < 0.05). Values of mean ± standard deviation (SD) of each group, and each dpi are presented in a table under the graph.