Table 1.
Training effects on cognitive tasks.
| NBG | MPG | BCG | F | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test | Post-test | Pre-test | Post-test | Pre-test | Post-test | ||||
| M (SEM) | M (SEM) | M (SEM) | M (SEM) | M (SEM) | M (SEM) | ||||
| Dual n-back task | n = 50 | n = 47 | n = 42 | ||||||
| 2-back (d′) | 0.83 (0.17) | 3.37 (0.16) | 1.25 (0.16) | 1.42 (0.16) | 0.91 (0.18) | 1.53 (0.20) | 36.435 | < 0.001 | 0.349 |
| 4-back (d′) | 0.04 (0.10) | 1.78 (0.06) | 0.04 (0.12) | 0.29 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.09) | 0.17 (0.12) | 46.983 | < 0.001 | 0.409 |
| 6-back (d′) | − 0.19 (0.10) | 0.92 (0.06) | − 0.37 (0.15) | − 0.06 (0.09) | − 0.23 (0.09) | − 0.21 (0.11) | 17.231 | < 0.001 | 0.202 |
| Words memory task | n = 49 | n = 50 | n = 48 | ||||||
| Concrete words (d′) | 2.26 (0.12) | 2.79 (0.20) | 2.37 (0.12) | 3.18 (0.18) | 2.18 (0.10) | 2.57 (0.20) | 1.305 | 0.274 | 0.018 |
| Abstract words (d′) | 2.01 (0.13) | 2.26 (0.16) | 2.14 (0.15) | 2.58 (0.20) | 2.08 (0.14) | 1.95 (0.15) | 3.434 | 0.035 | 0.046 |
| Digit-span task | n = 50 | n = 50 | n = 48 | ||||||
| Digit-span | 9.30 (0.18) | 10.14 (0.18) | 9.62 (0.16) | 9.98 (0.20) | 9.50 (0.19) | 9.67 (0.19) | 4.193 | 0.017 | 0.055 |
| Change detection task | n = 47 | n = 49 | n = 46 | ||||||
| Load 2 (RT) | 750.46 (21.35) | 678.01 (18.41) | 712.77 (21.94) | 663.95 (16.83) | 740.21 (22.30) | 707.23 (18.19) | 1.607 | 0.204 | 0.023 |
| Load 4 (RT) | 777.97 (20.44) | 700.84 (16.76) | 728.94 (21.35) | 695.88 (19.18) | 760.25 (21.02) | 730.91 (17.26) | 3.046 | 0.051 | 0.042 |
| Load 6 (RT) | 818.63 (20.60) | 740.40 (19.35) | 761.26 (21.30) | 726.37 (18.70) | 790.50 (20.99) | 772.56 (19.43) | 3.962 | 0.021 | 0.054 |
The statistic parameters in the table indicate interactions of group × time.
d′ d prime, NBG n-back group, MPG memory palace group, BCG blank control group.