Table 2.

Comparison of calculated HRV parameters.

			Group neg. (mean ± std.dev.)			Group pos. (mean ± std.dev.)			Overall (percentage difference)
			ECG	LSTM	LSTM	ECG	LSTM	HSMM	Difference $\text{LSTM}\leftrightarrow \text{ECG}(\%)$	Difference $\text{HSMM}\leftrightarrow \text{ECG}(\%)$
Heart Rate (bpm)	Resting		$55.81\pm 5.90$	$55.80\pm 5.86$	$55.71\pm 5.89$	$61.56\pm 11.60$	$61.55\pm 11.61$	$61.42\pm 11.48$	0.16	0.35
	CPT	Baseline	$56.78\pm 7.59$	$56.79\pm 7.60$	$56.79\pm 7.61$	$62.22\pm 11.70$	$62.61\pm 11.94$	$61.92\pm 11.84$	0.79	0.45
		Response	$63.26\pm 11.73$	$62.80\pm 10.81$	$62.88\pm 11.96$	$67.12\pm 13.11$	$65.24\pm 11.69$	$70.67\pm 17.84$	1.98	5.27
		Recovery	$55.79\pm 5.99$	$55.90\pm 6.06$	$55.92\pm 6.06$	$60.56\pm 10.84$	$60.65\pm 11.18$	$60.19\pm 10.69$	0.41	0.41
		Mean	$58.61\pm 9.38$	$58.49\pm 8.93$	$58.53\pm 9.43$	$63.30\pm 12.24$	$62.83\pm 11.76$	$64.26\pm 14.56$	1.06	2.08
HF (stand.)	Resting		$4.45\pm 0.66$	$4.55\pm 0.64$	$4.70\pm 0.59$	$3.91\pm 1.06$	$4.14\pm 1.07$	$4.24\pm 0.91$	8.17	14.74
	CPT	Baseline	$4.66\pm 0.51$	$4.87\pm 0.58$	$5.02\pm 0.72$	$3.61\pm 1.15$	$3.73\pm 1.07$	$3.96\pm 0.89$	11.39	21.68
		Response	$4.14\pm 0.72$	$4.21\pm 1.06$	$4.20\pm 0.54$	$3.84\pm 1.27$	$4.07\pm 1.17$	$4.24\pm 1.32$	10.04	11.75
		Recovery	$4.91\pm 0.92$	$5.39\pm 0.89$	$5.33\pm 0.96$	$3.87\pm 1.34$	$4.11\pm 1.21$	$4.45\pm 1.25$	11.19	17.88
		Mean	$4.57\pm 0.80$	$4.82\pm 0.99$	$4.85\pm 0.90$	$3.77\pm 1.26$	$3.97\pm 1.17$	$4.21\pm 1.19$	10.87	17.10
HF norm (n.u.)	Resting		$61.19\pm 6.34$	$61.80\pm 6.29$	$62.31\pm 6.35$	$52.05\pm 10.38$	$53.61\pm 10.40$	$53.92\pm 8.25$	4.83	8.68
	CPT	Baseline	$64.60\pm 8.01$	$65.86\pm 7.32$	$66.74\pm 7.69$	$47.29\pm 10.33$	$48.83\pm 9.15$	$49.71\pm 8.25$	5.26	12.99
		Response	$57.88\pm 5.26$	$55.60\pm 5.46$	$56.58\pm 5.47$	$55.58\pm 10.44$	$54.25\pm 9.18$	$56.42\pm 7.65$	4.96	5.45
		Recovery	$61.62\pm 8.23$	$66.56\pm 8.51$	$62.63\pm 6.80$	$51.34\pm 13.49$	$52.75\pm 13.23$	$55.68\pm 12.43$	6.36	10.80
		Mean	$61.37\pm 7.79$	$62.67\pm 8.78$	$61.98\pm 7.90$	$51.40\pm 12.00$	$51.94\pm 10.93$	$53.94\pm 10.13$	5.52	9.75
LF (stand.)	Resting		$2.84\pm 0.64$	$2.84\pm 0.62$	$2.88\pm 0.56$	$3.49\pm 0.57$	$3.47\pm 0.58$	$3.55\pm 0.51$	4.82	7.48
	CPT	Baseline	$2.60\pm 0.78$	$2.55\pm 0.70$	$2.53\pm 0.75$	$3.86\pm 0.51$	$3.78\pm 0.66$	$3.95\pm 0.60$	5.86	7.08
		Response	$3.00\pm 0.52$	$3.31\pm 0.59$	$3.25\pm 0.63$	$2.93\pm 0.70$	$3.34\pm 0.72$	$3.14\pm 0.58$	16.26	11.79
		Recovery	$3.05\pm 0.68$	$2.70\pm 0.71$	$3.13\pm 0.49$	$3.57\pm 0.93$	$3.62\pm 0.97$	$3.47\pm 0.89$	8.61	12.43
		Mean	$2.88\pm 0.70$	$2.85\pm 0.75$	$2.97\pm 0.71$	$3.45\pm 0.83$	$3.58\pm 0.81$	$3.52\pm 0.78$	10.25	10.43
LF/HF ratio	Resting		$0.67\pm 0.18$	$0.65\pm 0.18$	$0.65\pm 0.17$	$1.04\pm 0.45$	$0.98\pm 0.44$	$0.93\pm 0.28$	9.43	16.02
	CPT	Baseline	$0.57\pm 0.21$	$0.54\pm 0.19$	$0.52\pm 0.21$	$1.23\pm 0.52$	$1.13\pm 0.44$	$1.06\pm 0.32$	8.80	21.61
		Response	$0.74\pm 0.17$	$0.81\pm 0.17$	$0.78\pm 0.17$	$0.87\pm 0.38$	$0.90\pm 0.37$	$0.81\pm 0.25$	13.42	11.30
		Recovery	$0.65\pm 0.20$	$0.53\pm 0.20$	$0.61\pm 0.17$	$1.08\pm 0.53$	$1.02\pm 0.50$	$0.89\pm 0.44$	11.22	21.44
		Mean	$0.66\pm 0.21$	$0.63\pm 0.23$	$0.64\pm 0.21$	$1.06\pm 0.51$	$1.02\pm 0.45$	$0.92\pm 0.36$	11.15	18.12
TRI	Resting		$11.52\pm 2.93$	$10.19\pm 2.21$	$12.39\pm 2.67$	$11.13\pm 2.75$	$10.17\pm 2.67$	$11.41\pm 3.02$	17.67	17.43
	CPT	Baseline	$11.08\pm 2.26$	$9.45\pm 3.06$	$12.75\pm 2.82$	$11.09\pm 2.35$	$11.02\pm 2.76$	$11.85\pm 4.27$	12.92	18.97
		Response	$12.85\pm 6.26$	$12.06\pm 4.15$	$14.43\pm 3.56$	$12.01\pm 2.87$	$10.48\pm 2.69$	$12.70\pm 3.59$	14.45	24.16
		Recovery	$10.48\pm 2.38$	$8.58\pm 1.59$	$11.00\pm 1.37$	$10.03\pm 2.52$	$9.49\pm 2.63$	$10.72\pm 2.97$	23.15	11.97
		Mean	$11.47\pm 4.20$	$10.03\pm 3.45$	$12.73\pm 3.07$	$11.04\pm 2.71$	$10.33\pm 2.77$	$11.76\pm 3.74$	16.84	18.37

The HRV parameters of the reference ECG are compared to the radar HRV parameters using both the LSTM and HSMM algorithm. The absolute values are compared for the two groups (mean ± standard deviation), while the mean deviation of the parameters are given for all test subjects.