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. 2021 Feb 4;11:3048. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82733-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative microphotographs of the C5b-9 deposits (red) on endothelial cells in vitro (blue-labeled nuclei) induced by incubation with plasma from healthy pregnancies (controls, n = 4) and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE, n = 4). The bar chart represents the quantification of C5b-9 deposits. Whiskers represent the mean ± standard deviation. All the controls samples are within the normal range whereas the four pregnant women with PE show significant complement activation (*p < 0.05).