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. 2021 Jan 22;14:598453. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.598453

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Copyright © 2021 Sangaran, Ibrahim, Chik, Mohamed and Ahmadiani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. (A) The Rat Cytokine Array detects multiple analytes in LPS- induced cells, LPS-preconditioned cells, and control cells. Spot densities were analyzed by scanning the membrane on a Biospectrum AC ChemiHR 40 densitometer, and data were normalized to control and expressed as fold change relative to the control. (B) Quantitative analysis in the arrays showed differences in cytokine and chemokine expression in LPS-induced cells, LPS-preconditioned cells, and control cells. Each experiment was performed in duplicate.