TABLE 3.

Distribution of observed activities across observation periods

Observed activity	Pre‐implementation (n = 29) Phase I mean (95% CI)	Go‐live (n = 28) Phase II mean (95% CI)	Post‐implementation (n = 27) Phase III mean (95% CI)	Pre‐ to go‐live change Phase I to phase II comparison	P‐value	Go‐live to post‐ change Phase II to phase III comparison	P‐value	Pre‐ to post‐ change Phase I to phase III comparison	P‐value
Chart review min:sec/pt	2:47 (2:24–3:10)	2:50 (2:19–3:21) ↑	3:41 (2:48–4:35) ↑	0:03	0.88 NS	0:51	0.09 NS	0:54	0.05 ↑
Direct patient care min:sec/pt	9:06 (8:23–9:48)	8:56 (7:57–9:54) ↑	8:23 7:25–9:22) ↓	0:10	0.77 NS	0:33	0.43 NS	0:43	0.23 NS
Documentation min:sec/pt	5:28 (4:45–6:11)	7:12 (6:06–8:18) ↑	6:04 (4:52–7:16) ↓	1:44	0.01 ↑	1:08	0.16 NS	0:36	0.38 NS
Patient efficiency patients seen/hour	2.72 (2.54–2.90)	2.21 (2.00–2.42) ↓	2.41 (2.19–2.63) ↑	0.51	<0.01 ↓	0.2	0.18 NS	0.31	0.03 ↓
Tech/IT support proportion of shift	N/A	0.8 ( 0.4–1.2)		0.2 (0.1–0.3) ↓	N/A		0.6	<0.01 NS	N/A

	Learner activities (n = 13)	Learner activities (n = 24)	Learner activities (n = 20)
All learner activities % of shift	12.8 (9.0–16.6)	15.3 (12.5–18.1) ↑	14.2 (9.2–19.2) ↓	2.5	0.28 NS	1.1	0.68 NS	1.4	0.68 NS
Discrete teaching % of shift	5.6 (1.8–9.3)	5.8 (3.6–7.9) ↑	5.6 (2.6–8.6) ↓	0.2	0.91 NS	0.2	0.96 NS	0.0	0.98 NS
Tech/logical teaching % of shift	0.3 (0.0–0.6)	0.5 (0.2–0.9) ↑	0.6 (0.3–0.9) ↑	0.2	0.37 NS	0.1	0.81 NS	0.3	0.20 NS
Clinical case review with learner % of shift	7.0 (4.7–9.3)	9.0 (6.9–11.1) ↑	8.0 (5.0–11.0) ↓	2.0	0.21 NS	1.0	0.56 NS	1.0	0.60 NS

↑↓, indicate statistical significance.