Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects.
| Parameters | NC (n = 81) | MCI (n = 108) | Dementia (n = 81) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | p | AD (n = 47) | p | VaD (n = 18) | p | OD (n = 16) | p | |||
| Gender (male/female) | 38/43 | 42/66 | 38/43 | 0.617 | 22/25 | 0.392 | 8/10 | 0.537 | 8/8 | 0.542 |
| Age, years | 80.00 (73.50–85.00) | 76.00 (73.00–81.00) | 82.00 (75.50–85.00)#& | <0.001 | 82.00 (77.00–82.00) | <0.001 | 79.50 (74.25–84.25) | 0.039 | 81.00 (74.00–84.75) | 0.039 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.24 (20.96–25.62) | 23.81 (21.52–26.70) | 22.50 (20.84–24.45) | 0.072 | 22.46 (20.76–23.81) | 0.053 | 24.10 (20.89–26.96) | 0.580 | 22.65 (21.69–24.01) | 0.372 |
| Levels of education, n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Illiteracy | 10 (12.80) | 45 (42.90) | 8 (10.70)#$ | 7 (15.20) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (6.30) | ||||
| Primary school | 30 (38.50) | 26 (24.80) | 20 (27.70) | 9 (19.60) | 9 (69.20) | 2 (12.50) | ||||
| Middle school | 16 (20.50) | 12 (11.40) | 9 (12.00) | 3 (6.50) | 2 (15.40) | 4 (25.00) | ||||
| High school | 6 (7.70) | 13 (12.40) | 5 (6.70) | 4 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (6.30) | ||||
| College or University or above | 16 (20.50) | 9 (8.60) | 33 (44.00) | 23 (50.00) | 2 (15.40) | 8 (50.00) | ||||
| Smoking, n (%) | 23 (28.40) | 28 (25.90) | 23 (29.90) | 0.832 | 10 (21.70) | 0.851 | 7 (46.70) | 0.250 | 6 (37.50) | 0.871 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 21 (25.90) | 28 (25.90) | 16 (19.80) | 0.554 | 7 (14.90) | 0.284 | 5 (27.80) | 0.986 | 4 (25.00) | 0.997 |
| Habit of salt intake | <0.001 | 0.180 | 0.143 | 0.199 | ||||||
| High | 23 (28.40) | 37 (34.30) | 8 (9.90)&$ | 4 (8.50) | 3 (16.70) | 1 (6.30) | ||||
| Normal | 20 (24.70) | 36 (33.30) | 58 (71.60) | 37 (78.70) | 7 (38.90) | 14 (87.50) | ||||
| Low | 38 (46.90) | 35 (32.40) | 15 (18.50) | 6 (12.80) | 8 (44.40) | 1 (6.30) | ||||
| Family history of dementia, n (%) | 2 (2.50) | 6 (5.60) | 7 (8.60) | 0.260 | 5 (10.60) | 0.150 | 1 (5.60) | 0.570 | 1 (6.30) | 0.552 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 51 (63.00) | 67 (62.00) | 58 (71.60) | 0.347 | 32 (68.10) | 0.606 | 15 (83.30) | 0.209 | 11 (68.80) | 0.992 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 18 (22.20) | 36 (33.30) | 28 (34.60) | 0.160 | 18 (38.30) | 0.113 | 7 (38.90) | 0.167 | 3 (18.80) | 0.170 |
| Depression, n (%) | 2 (2.50) | 2 (1.90) | 7 (8.60) | 0.084 | 4 (8.50) | 0.094 | 1 (5.60) | 0.639 | 2 (12.50) | 0.060 |
| Ischemic stroke, n (%) | 20 (24.70) | 30 (27.80) | 47 (58.00)&$ | <0.001 | 26 (55.30) | 0.002 | 13 (72.20) | <0.001 | 8 (50.00) | 0.037 |
| Malignant tumor, n (%) | 2 (2.50) | 1 (0.90) | 5 (6.20) | 0.132 | 3 (6.40) | 0.141 | 1 (5.60) | 0.379 | 1 (6.30) | 0.326 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 22 (27.20) | 37 (34.30) | 27 (33.30) | 0.551 | 18 (38.30) | 0.385 | 4 (22.20) | 0.423 | 5 (31.30) | 0.582 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.09 (4.65–6.19) | 5.48 (4.73–6.66) | 5.10 (4.50–5.90) | 0.049 | 5.20 (4.50–5.90) | 0.165 | 4.15 (2.19–5.00) | 0.003 | 5.55 (4.80–5.88) | 0.219 |
| SBP, mmHg | 137.00 (125.00–150.00) | 148.50 (131.00–164.25) | 132.00 (124.00–144.50)#& | <0.001 | 134.00 (122.00–144.00) | <0.001 | 138.50 (123.00–161.00) | 0.007 | 132 (124.25–139.25) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.00 (69.00–82.00) | 79.00 (72.75–86.25) | 72.00 (67.50–80.00)#& | <0.001 | 70.00 (66.00–78.00) | <0.001 | 79.00 (71.75–84.50) | 0.048 | 70.50 (66.25–78.00) | 0.004 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.36 (3.80–5.01) | 4.96 (4.01–5.97) | 4.37 (3.59–5.58)# | 0.011 | 4.08 (3.56–5.58) | 0.005 | 5.32 (4.42–6.29) | 0.002 | 4.25 (3.43–5.37) | 0.007 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.24 (0.89–2.10) | 1.25 (0.90–1.72) | 1.30 (0.98–2.32) | 0.470 | 1.20 (0.89–1.77) | 0.922 | 2.85 (1.31–3.96) | 0.002 | 1.21 (0.96–1.61) | 0.961 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.20 (0.96–1.45) | 1.22 (1.05–1.44) | 1.12 (0.93–1.31) | 0.086 | 1.12 (0.91–1.29) | 0.076 | 1.16 (0.79–1.96) | 0.758 | 1.12 (0.99–1.23) | 0.399 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.23 (1.72–2.61) | 2.65 (2.05–3.30) | 2.35 (1.78–3.19)# | 0.005 | 2.35 (1.80–3.31) | 0.004 | 1.71 (0.89–3.05) | 0.001 | 2.61 (2.09–3.39) | 0.001 |
Data were expressed median (P25 – P75), or n (%). NC normal cognitive functioning, MCI mild cognitive impairment, BMI body mass index, FBG fasting blood glucose, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG total triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AD Alzheimer’s disease, VaD vascular dementia, OD other type of dementia.
#p < 0.017, MCI group compared with NC group.
$p < 0.017, Dementia group compared with MCI group.
&p < 0.017, Dementia group compared with NC group.