TABLE 1.
List of 40 fungi with the descriptions of methylation data.
| Division | Subphylum | Order | Organism | Method | Stage | ave. 5mC | mCG | mCHG | mCHH | Mappability (%) | References |
| Basidomycota | Agaricomycotina | Agaricales | Coprinopsis cinerea | WGBS | Mycelia | 3.03% | 7.8% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 89 | Zemach et al., 2010 |
| Laccaria bicolor | WGBS | Mycelia | 3.73% | 10.1% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 57 | Zemach et al., 2010 | |||
| Agaricus bisporus | HPLC | Mycelia; yeast-like cells | 4.01% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Binz et al., 1998 | |||
| Schizophyllum commune | MSRE | Mycelia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Specht et al., 1984; Buckner et al., 1988 | |||
| Armillaria bulbosa | HPLC | Mycelia; yeast-like cells | 4.34% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Binz et al., 1998 | |||
| Pleurotus eryngii Subsp. Tuoliensis | MSRE-PCR | Mycelia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Hua et al., 2017 | |||
| Pleurotus eryngii var. eryngii | WGBS | Mycelia | NA | 16.40% | 1.30% | 1.50% | 88.6 | Zhang et al., 2018 | |||
| Pleurotus tuoliensis | WGBS | Mycelia | NA | 14.60% | 1.40% | 1.70% | 86.7 | Zhang et al., 2018 | |||
| Pleurotus ostreatus | WGBS | Mycelia PC 15 (n) | NA | 2.76% | 0.38% | 0.45% | 72 | Borgognone et al., 2018 | |||
| Mycelia PC 9 (n) | NA | 4.37% | 0.62% | 0.84% | 59 | ||||||
| Mycelia N001-HyB (n + n) | NA | 3.96% | 0.51% | 0.65% | 61 | ||||||
| Mycelia M_N001 (n + n) | NA | 6.48% | 0.45% | 0.59% | 64 | ||||||
| Primordia | NA | 6.69% | 0.43% | 0.54% | 59 | ||||||
| Mature fruitbodies | NA | 6.54% | 0.40% | 0.51% | 63 | ||||||
| Russulales | Heterobasidion parviporum | WGBS | Conidiospores (SPORE) | 3.93% | 8.43% | 2.40% | 2.20% | 87.02 | Zeng et al., 2019 | ||
| Mycelia (MYCEL) | 3.53% | 7.23% | 2.47% | 2.10% | 88.36 | ||||||
| Saprotrophic growth (SAP) | 4.33% | 8.03% | 3.10% | 3.00% | 88.18 | ||||||
| Necrotrophic growth (NECT) | 4.57% | 8.30% | 3.27% | 3.17% | 88.65 | ||||||
| Polyporales | Postia placenta | WGBS | Mycelia | 3.10% | 4.9% | 1.2% | 1.0% | 80 | Zemach et al., 2010 | ||
| Ganoderma sinense | WGBS | Mycelia | 4.64% | 10.2% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 77 | Zhu et al., 2015 | |||
| Sporotrichum dimorphosporum | RE-NNA | Mycelia | 0.20% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Antequera et al., 1984 | |||
| Ustilaginomycotina | Ustilaginales | Ustilago maydis | HPLC | Mycelia; yeast-like cells | 2.26% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Binz et al., 1998 | |
| Ustilago violaceae | HPLC | Mycelia; yeast-like cells | 2.14% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Binz et al., 1998 | |||
| Ascomycota | Pezizomycotina | Diaporthales | Cryphonectria parasitica | WGBS | Mycelia | 3.90% | 0.09% | 4.30% | 4.30% | 71.9 | So et al., 2018 |
| Eurotiales | Aspergillus flavus | WGBS | Mycelia | – | NA | NA | NA | NA | Liu et al., 2012 | ||
| Magnaporthales | Magnaporthe oryzae | WGBS | Conidia | 0.613% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 83 | Jeon et al., 2015 | ||
| Mycelia | 0.554% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 82 | ||||||
| Appressoria | 0.553% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 79 | ||||||
| Sordariales | Neurospora crassa | GC/MS | Conidia | 0.36% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Russell et al., 1987 | ||
| Conidial germlings | 0.40% | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| Early exponential mycelia | 0.24% | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| Mid-exponential mycelia | 0.24% | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| Stationary-phase mycelia | 0.40% | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
| Neurospora crassa | WGBS | Vegetativea | 2.19% | 2.08% | 2.05% | 2.19% | 80.05 | Hosseini et al., 2020 | |||
| Pre-sexualb | 2.86% | 2.67% | 2.44% | 2.98% | 77.35 | ||||||
| Neurospora sitophila | WGBS | Vegetative | 1.77% | 1.67% | 1.83% | 1.72% | 80.5 | ||||
| Pre-sexual | 1.79% | 1.68% | 1.85% | 1.75% | 82.1 | ||||||
| Neurospora tetrasperma L1 | WGBS | Vegetative | 1.28% | 1.23% | 1.59% | 1.13% | 82.325 | ||||
| Pre-sexual | 1.41% | 1.31% | 1.67% | 1.29% | 80 | ||||||
| Neurospora tetrasperma L10 | WGBS | Vegetative | 1.29% | 1.30% | 1.61% | 1.13% | 84.025 | ||||
| Pre-sexual | 1.40% | 1.37% | 1.66% | 1.28% | 86.125 | ||||||
| Neurospora tetrasperma L6 | WGBS | Vegetative | 1.21% | 1.25% | 1.59% | 1.00% | 77.05 | ||||
| Pre-sexual | 1.24% | 1.27% | 1.63% | 1.03% | 76.775 | ||||||
| Hypocreales | Cordyceps militaris | WGBS | Mycelia | 0.48% | 0.47% | 0.48% | 0.49% | NA | Xin et al., 2019 | ||
| Fusarium oxysporum | RE/Southern blot | Mycelia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Kim, 1997 | |||
| Metarhizium robertsii | WGBS | Conidia 9d | 0.403% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 93 | Li et al., 2017 | |||
| Conidia 15d | 0.394% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 93 | ||||||
| Mycelia | 0.392% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 91 | ||||||
| Metarhizium anisopliae | WGBS | Mycelia | 0.60% | 0.40% | 0.45% | 1.85% | 85.17 | Sbaraini et al., 2019 | |||
| Onygenales | Uncinocarpus reesii | WGBS | Mycelia | 0.68% | 0.4% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 94 | Zemach et al., 2010 | ||
| Pezizales | Tuber melanosporum | WGBS | Fruitbody | 12.823% | 32.2% | 11.6% | 13.7% | 79 | Montanini et al., 2014 | ||
| Free-living mycelia | 11.856% | 32.4% | 10.1% | 13.0% | 83 | ||||||
| Ascobolus immersus | RE/Southern blot; WGBS | Mycelia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Goyon et al., 1996 | |||
| Phymatotrichum omnivorum | HPLC | Mycelia; Dormant sclerotia | 1.53% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Jupe et al., 1986 | |||
| Pleosporales | Cochliobolus heterostrophus | RE/Southern blot | Conidia | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Keller et al., 1991 | ||
| Ophiostomatales | Ophiostoma novo-ulmi | HPLC | Mycelia; yeast stage | 1.38% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Binz et al., 1998 | ||
| Taphrinomycotina | Schizosaccharomycetales | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | LC-MS/MS | Yeast cell | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | Capuano et al., 2014 | |
| Yarrowia lipolytica | GC/MS | Yeast cell | 0.36% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Tang et al., 2012 | |||
| Saccharomycotina | Saccharomycetales | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | HPLC; LC-MS/MS | Yeast cell | - | NA | NA | NA | NA | Binz et al., 1998; Capuano et al., 2014 | |
| Candida albicans | GC/MS | Mycelial-form cell; yeast-form cell | 0.08% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Russell et al., 1987 | |||
| Mucoromycota | Mucoromycotina | Mucorales | Phycomyces blakesleeanus | WGBS | Mycelia | 0.94% | 2.2% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 60 | Zemach et al., 2010 |
| Phycomyces blakesleeanus | RE-NNA | Mycelia | 0.48% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Antequera et al., 1984, 1985 | |||
| Spore | 2.90% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Antequera et al., 1984, 1985 | |||||
| Mucor rouxii | RE; AFLP | Ungerminated spores, spherical (phase I) spores, phase II spores (germlings) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Cano et al., 1988; Reyna-Lopez et al., 1997 | |||
| Myxomycota | Physarales | Physarum polycephalum | HPLC | Spherules | 5.42% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Fronk and Magiera, 1994 | |
WGBS, Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing; MSRE, Methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme; RE-NNA, Restriction enzyme and nearest-neighbor analysis; AFLP, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism; HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography; GC/MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS, Liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometer. –, Not-detectable; NA, Not available. aVegetative: mycelia, conidia. bPre-sexual: mycelia, conidia, and protoperithecia.