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. 2021 Feb 5;137:111363. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111363

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© 2021 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

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Fig. 1 — Effects of Ang II on organs. ACE degrades Ang I and produces Ang II which binds to its receptors (ATRs). Then, ACE2 converts Ang II into Ang 1–7. SARS-CoV-2 downregulates the expression of ACE2 and causes the pathological symptoms in several human organs due to accumulation of Ang II (Created in BioRender.com). Ang I: angiotensin I, Ang II angiotensin II, Ang 1–7. angiotensin 1–7, ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme2, AT1R: Angiotensin II receptor type 1, AT4R: Angiotensin II receptor type 4, PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species, VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor, ARB drugs: angiotensin II receptor blocker drugs, ACEi drugs: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor drugs, BBB: blood–brain barrier.