Table 2.
Percentage availability of essential medicines in health facilities in defined areas in twelve countries and readiness index score by country.
| Variables | Benin (n = 12) | Eritrea (n = 6) | Sudan (n = 12) | Syria (n = 14) | Bhutan (n = 7) | Sri Lanka (n = 14) | Vietnam (n = 15) | Suriname (n = 10) | Ghana (n = 23) | Nepal (n = 92) | Zambia (n 4 6) | Ugandan (n = 53) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Adrenaline | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 47.8 | 34.8 | 71.7 | NA |
| 2. Atenolol | 8.3 | 0.0 | 42.9 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 93.3 | 100.0 | 26.1 | 65.2 | 28.3 | 64.2 |
| 3. Enalapril | 33.3 | 0.0 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 60.0 | 30.0 | 26.1 | 0.0 | 6.5 | 67.9 |
| 4. Amlodipine | 58.3 | 0.0 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 86.7 | 80.0 | 65.2 | 65.2 | 23.9 | 90.6 |
| 5. Hydrochlorothiazide | 75.0 | 100.0 | 35.7 | 14.3 | 85.7 | 69.2 | 40.0 | 90.0 | 26.1 | 35.9 | NA | 83.0 |
| 6. Isosorbide dinitrate | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 60.0 | 90.0 | 17.4 | NA | NA | 73.6 |
| 7. Frusemide (other | 83.3 | 50.0 | 85.7 | 92.9 | 14.3 | 69.2 | 86.7 | 100.0 | 34.8 | NA | 58.7 | 73.6 |
| 8. Simvastatin or lovastatin | 8.3 | 0.0 | 35.7 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 23.1 | 46.7 | 50.0 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | NA |
| 9. Insulin long acting | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 80.0 | 17.4 | NA | 17.4 | 52.8 |
| Insulin soluble | 0.0 | 0.0 | 28.6 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 80.0 | 21.7 | NA | 21.7 | 52.8 |
| 10. Metformin | 25.0 | 0.0 | 42.9 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 53.3 | 100.0 | 26.1 | 47.8 | 45.7 | 92.3 |
| 11. Glibenclamide | 41.7 | 0.0 | 71.4 | 21.4 | 14.3 | 69.2 | 33.3 | 100.0 | 26.1 | 0.0 | 45.7 | 81.1 |
| 12. Beclometasone inhaler | 33.3 | 16.7 | 21.4 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 15.4 | 6.7 | 80.0 | 17.4 | NA | NA | NA |
| 13. Prednisolone | 0.0 | 0.0 | 42.9 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 93.3 | 90.0 | 39.1 | NA | 95.7 | NA |
| 14. Salbutamol inhaler | 33.3 | 100.0 | 71.4 | 78.6 | 0.0 | 30.8 | 20.0 | 90.0 | 39.1 | NA | 73.9 | NA |
| Salbutamol tablets | 66.7 | 100.0 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 100.0 | 69.2 | 93.3 | 90.0 | 65.2 | 92.4 | NA | NA |
| Salbutamol injectable | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17.4 | NA | NA | NA |
| 15. Ipratropium bromide | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 4.3 | NA | NA | NA |
| 16. Aspirin | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 69.2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 82.6 | 65.2 | 67.4 | NA |
| 17. Paracetamol | 100.0 | 100.0 | 92.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 69.2 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | NA | 78.3 | NA |
| 18. Ibuprofen | 83.3 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 69.2 | 73.3 | 80.0 | 100.0 | NA | 78.3 | NA |
| 19. Morphine (oral) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 8.7 | NA | NA | NA |
| Morphine injection | 8.3 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 38.5 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 13.0 | NA | NA | NA |
| 20. Codeine | 8.3 | 0.0 | 35.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.4 | 33.3 | 60.0 | 13.0 | NA | NA | NA |
| 21. Glucose solution for injection | 91.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 57.1 | 53.8 | 66.7 | 80.0 | 86.9 | NA | 82.6 | NA |
| 22. Sodium chloride infusion | 91.7 | 100.0 | 92.9 | 35.7 | 0.0 | 53.8 | 100.0 | 60.0 | 91.3 | NA | 84.8 | NA |
| 23. Benzathine penicillin | 50.0 | 100.0 | 92.9 | 57.1 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 60.0 | 100.0 | 69.6 | NA | 95.7 | NA |
| 24. Erythromycin | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 73.9 | NA | 95.7 | NA |
| 25. Amoxicillin | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 100 | NA | 95.7 | NA |
| 26. Hydrocortisone (steroids) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 91.3 | NA | 95.7 | NA |
| 27. Heparin | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 21.7 | NA | NA | NA |
| 28. Diazepam | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 29. Magnesium sulphate | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 73.6 |
| 30. Promethazine | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 82.6 | NA | 91.3 | NA |
| 31. Senna | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 32. Glyceryl trinitrate | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8.7 | NA | 6.5 | NA |
| 33. Spironolactone | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Readiness index score for WHO-PEN items included in the study | 39.9 | 34.8 | 48.9 | 20.0 | 20.1 | 43.9 | 52.3 | 75.6 | 44.6 | 40.7 | 59.2 | 73.23 |
| Readiness index score, WHO-PEN standard | 27.0 | 23.4 | 33.0 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 29.7 | 35.3 | 51.0 | 39.8 | 10.9 | 36.8 | 21.8 |
Data are expressed as percentage for different categorical variables.
Abbreviation: NA: Not available in the study survey.