. 2021 Feb 4;17:68. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02773-5

Table 1.

The effect of inclusion of safflower oil and vitamin C in the broiler chicken diet on the growth performance

Item	Vitamin C level (mg/kg diet)		Safflower oil level (gm/kg diet)			Vitamin C × Safflower oil						SEM	P-value
Item	0	400	0	5	10	0Vit.C+ 0Saff. Oil	0Vit.C + 5 Saff. Oil	0Vit.C+ 10 Saff. Oil	400Vit.C+ 0Saff. Oil	400Vit.C+ 5 Saff. Oil	400Vit.C+ 10Saff. Oil		Vit. C	Saff. oil	Vit. C x Saff. oil
Int.wt(g)	57.44	58.24	57.45	58.33	58.74	57.56	58.33	58.88	57.78	58.33	58.61	0.19	0.96	0 .07	0.42
Starter period
BW (g)	203.06^b	222.31^a	201.67	219.86	216.52	181.13^b	219.16^a	208.89^a	222.22^a	220.55^a	224.16^a	4.38	0.02	0.20	< 0.01
BWG(g)	145.61^b	164.07^a	144.22	161.52	157.77	122.91^b	160.83^a	150^a	164.44^a	162.22^a	165.55^a	4.35	0.02	0.21	0.008
FI(g)	212.81^b	230.20^a	207.67	228.47	228.38	188.23^b	227.66^a	222.55^a	227.11^a	229.28^a	234.22^a	4.42	.045	0.07	0.007
FCR	1.46	1.40	1.43	1.42	1.45	1.52	1.41	1.48	1.38	1.42	1.41	0.01	.079	0.75	0.29
Grower period
BW(g)	775.92	818.14	757.22^b	820.41^a	813.47^a	718.89^b	807.50^a	801.39^a	795.55^a	833.33^a	825.55^a	11.36	0.06	0.03	0.02
BWG(g)	572.86	595.83	555.54^b	600.55^a	596.94^a	537.75^b	588.33^a	592.5^a	573.33^ab	612.77^a	601.39^ab	7.87	0.15	0.02	0.06
FI(g)	945.38	962.42	870.41^b	976.83^a	1014.45^a	835.33^c	965.35^ab	1035.45^a	905.49^bc	988.31^ab	993.44^ab	19.022	0.66	< 0.01	< 0.01
FCR	1.64	1.61	1.56	1.62	1.70	1.55	1.64	1.74	1.58	1.61	1.66	0.02	0.61	0.11	0.42
Finisher period
BW(g)	1793.38	1900.68	1717.07^b	1903.96^a	1920.06^a	1586.22^b	1904.66^a	1889.26^a	1847.93^a	1903.26^a	1950.86^a	31.06	0.08	< 0.01	0.00
BWG(g)	1017.45	1082.54	959.85^b	1083.54^a	1106.59^a	867.33^b	1097.16^a	1087.87^a	1052.37^a	1069.93^a	1125.31^a	21.70	0.13	< 0.01	0.00
FI(g)	1799.01	1877.50	1747.26	1885.55	1881.94	1691.74	1863.88	1841.38	1802.78	1907.22	1922.5	30.65	0.21	0.10	0.29
FCR	1.78	1.73	1.83	1.74	1.70	1.95	1.69	1.69	1.71	1.78	1.70	0.03	0.50	0.25	0.14
Overall performance
FBW(g)	1793.38	1900.68	1717.07^b	1903.96^a	1920.06^a	1586.22^b	1904.66^a	1889.26^a	1847.93^a	1903.26^a	1950.86^a	31.06	0.08	< 0.01	< 0.01
BWG(g)	1735.12	1842.44	1659.40^b	1861.31^a	1845.63^a	1528.66^b	1846.33^a	1830.38^a	1790.15^a	1844.93^a	1892.25^a	30.96	0.08	< 0.01	< 0.01
FI(g)	2957.20	3070.12	2825.34^b	3090.86^a	3124.78^a	2715.31^b	3056.90^a	3099.39^a	2935.38^a	3124.81^a	3150.17^a	49.30	0.26	0.01	< 0.01
FCR	1.70	1.66	1.70	1.67	1.68	1.77	1.65	1.69	1.63	1.69	1.66	0.02	0.32	0.83	0.53
RGR	187.33^b	188.09^a	186.93^b	188.11^a	188.10^a	185.99^b	188.11^a	187.90^a	187.87^a	188.10^a	188.30^a	0.19	0.05	0.01	< 0.01

^{a, b, c} Means within the same row carrying different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). BW body weight, BWG body weight gain, FI feed intake, FCR feed conversion ratio, PER protein efficiency ratio, RGR relative growth rate