Fig. 3.

Cell proliferation and invasion. Proliferation (a, b) and transwell migration across Matrigel coated inserts (c–l) in murine (a, c–g) and human (b, h–l) mammary tumor cells. Proliferation was determined using BrdU incorporation while transwell migration was determined by calculating the percentage of the lower transwell membrane covered with crystal violet stained cells. Representative images of the crystal violet stained cells on the bottom of the transwell insert have been provided for murine (c–f) and human (h–k) mammary tumor cells. Graphs (a, b, g, l) represent mean ± SEM with n = 3 for the BrdU assay and n = 4 for the transwell assay. * Indicate values significantly different (p < 0.05) from either RJ423EV or MDA-231EV cells