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. 2020 Dec 18;13(2):e12993. doi: 10.15252/emmm.202012993

Figure 6. Evaluation of toxicology and inflammation in mdx mice treated with long‐term repeated doses of PMO‐M or PMO.

Figure 6

PMO‐M was administered intravenously into adult mdx mice at the PMO dose of 12.5 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks followed by 12.5 mg/kg/month for 3 months and tissues / blood were harvested 2 weeks after last injection.
  • A, B
    Measurement of serum indices including liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT) (A) and kidney markers (CREA and UA) (B) from wild‐type C57BL/6 (C57) (n = 3), untreated mdx controls (mdx) (n = 3), and mdx mice treated with PMO‐M (n = 4) or PMO alone (n = 3) to reflect liver and kidney functions (*P < 0.05, one‐way ANOVA post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test).
  • C
    Morphological examination of liver and kidney from wild‐type C57BL/6 (C57), untreated mdx controls (mdx), and treated mdx mice (scale bar: 100 μm).
  • D, E
    Immunohistochemistry (D) and quantification (E) of macrophages, T cells, and monocytes in quadriceps and diaphragm from wild‐type C57BL/6 (C57) (n = 3), untreated mdx controls (mdx) (n = 3), and mdx mice treated with PMO‐M (n = 4) or PMO (n = 3) (scale bar: 100 μm). The arrowheads point to CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells, or CD11b+ monocytes (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, one‐way ANOVA post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test).

Data information: Data were presented as mean ± sem. Exact P values are specified in Appendix Table S1.