Table 2.
Comparison between different variables in intervention population and control population in quasi-experimental study population
| Variable | All patients (n = 102) | Intervention population (n = 50) | Control population (n = 52) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics of patients | ||||
| Male gender, n (%) | 54 (52.9%) | 29 (58%) | 25 (48.1%) | 0.31 |
| Twin birth, n (%) | 15 (15.5%) | 6 (12.5%) | 9 (18.4%) | 0.42 |
| Inborn, n (%) | 76 (74.5%) | 31 (62%) | 45 (86.5%) | 0.004 |
| Admission to NICU > 24 h after birth, n (%) | 9 (8.9%) | 7 (14%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0.09 |
| Birth through caesarean section, n (%) | 65 (65%) | 30 (60%) | 35 (70%) | 0.29 |
| Gestational age, median (IQR), wks | 34.5 (32-38) | 36.5 (33-39) | 33 (32-37) | 0.014 |
| Preterm birth (< 37wk), n (%) | 63 (61.8%) | 25 (50%) | 38 (73.1%) | 0.02 |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 2234 (865) | 2509 (844) | 1980 (811) | 0.002 |
| Apgar score at 5 min, median (IQR) | 9 (8-10) | 9 (8-10) | 9 (8-10) | 0.71 |
| Malformation, n (%) | 11 (10.8%) | 6 (12%) | 5 (9.6%) | 0.70 |
| Nutrition and devices | ||||
| Breast milk feeding, n (%) | 75 (73.5%) | 32 (64%) | 43 (82.7%) | 0.03 |
| Formula feeding, n (%) | 101 (99%) | 49 (98%) | 52 (100%) | 0.49 |
| Nasogastric tube, n (%) | 43 (42.2%) | 19 (38%) | 24 (46.1%) | 0.40 |
| Parenteral nutrition, n (%) | 60 (58.8%) | 29 (58%) | 31 (59.6%) | 0.87 |
| Central venous access device, n (%) | 44 (43.1%) | 20 (40%) | 24 (46.1%) | 0.53 |
| Peripheral venous access device, n (%) | 81 (79.4%) | 37 (74%) | 44 (84.6%) | 0.18 |
| Endotracheal tube, n (%) | 19 (18.6%) | 6 (12%) | 13 (25%) | 0.09 |
| Noninvasive ventilation, n (%) | 41 (40.2%) | 22 (44%) | 19 (36.5%) | 0.44 |
| Surgical procedure, n (%) | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.61 |
| Antimicrobial therapy | ||||
| Antibiotics, any, n (%) | 49 (48%) | 21 (42%) | 28 (53.8%) | 0.23 |
| Ampicillin, n (%) | 24 (23.5%) | 16 (32%) | 8 (15.4%) | 0.048 |
| Ampicillin—Sulbactam, n (%) | 11 (10.8%) | 0 | 11 (21.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Cephalosporines, n (%) | 21 (20.6%) | 7 (14%) | 14 (26.9%) | 0.11 |
| Carbapenems, n (%) | 18 (17.6%) | 9 (18%) | 9 (17.3%) | 0.93 |
| Amikacin, n (%) | 32 (31.4%) | 16 (32%) | 16 (30.8%) | 0.89 |
| Glycopeptides, n (%) | 17 (16.7%) | 8 (16%) | 9 (17.3%) | 0.86 |
| Metronidazole, n (%) | 8 (7.8%) | 5 (10%) | 3 (5.8%) | 0.48 |
| Fluconazole, n (%) | 20 (19.6%) | 6 (12%) | 14 (26.9%) | 0.06 |
| Rectal swab colonization | ||||
| MDR-GNB, n (%) | 28 (27.4%) | 6 (12%) | 22 (42.3%) | < 0,001 |
| ESBL, n (%), all ESBL-KP | 23 (22.5%) | 1 (2%) | 22 (42.3%) | < 0,001 |
Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are reported in bold characters