Table 2.
Means (± SDs) of mechanical work, spatiotemporal gait parameters, functional gait tasks, and clinical scores for the AANmDOF robotic and conventional gait training groups, before (T0), immediately after (T1), and four months after (T2) the six-week intervention period
| AANmDOF robotic | Conventional | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 n = 17 |
T1 n = 16 |
T2 n = 13 |
T0 n = 15 |
T1 n = 15 |
T2 n = 14 |
|
| Mechanical work | ||||||
| WEXT (J/kg/m) * | 0.61 ± 0.25 | 0.52 ± 0.18 | 0.69 ± 0.26 | 0.63 ± 0.23 | 0.53 ± 0.20 | 0.70 ± 0.29 |
| Spatiotemporal parameters | ||||||
| Gait speed (m/s) * ** | 0.47 ± 0.36 | 0.67 ± 0.29 | 0.81 ± 0.24 | 0.62 ± 0.36 | 0.75 ± 0.38 | 0.81 ± 0.32 |
| Step width (m) * † | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.17 ± 0.06 |
| Step length | ||||||
| Paretic (m) * ** ‡ | 0.35 ± 0.15 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 0.51 ± 0.10 | 0.43 ± 0.13 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | 0.49 ± 0.12 |
| Non-paretic (m) * ** | 0.33 ± 0.17 | 0.44 ± 0.14 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 0.39 ± 0.20 | 0.46 ± 0.19 | 0.50 ± 0.15 |
| Symmetry ratio * ** | 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.10 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.03 ± 0.03 |
| Single-support time | ||||||
| Paretic (% gait cycle) * ** | 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.05 | 0.31 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.33 ± 0.04 |
| Non-paretic (% gait cycle) * | 0.32 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.04 |
| Symmetry ratio * ** | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.03 |
| Functional gait tasks | ||||||
| 10-Meter Walk Test (m/s) * ** | 0.61 ± 0.35 | 0.86 ± 0.38 | 1.07 ± 0.27 | 0.76 ± 0.38 | 0.95 ± 0.38 | 1.07 ± 0.40 |
| 6-Minute Walk Test (m) * ** | 220 ± 149 | 301 ± 163 | 398 ± 119 | 247 ± 130 | 343 ± 147 | 383 ± 138 |
| Functional Gait Assessment * ** | 14.7 ± 5.7 | 19.5 ± 4.8 | 23.6 ± 5.4 | 15.9 ± 5.8 | 21.7 ± 5.2 | 21.7 ± 5.3 |
| Timed Up and Go test (s) * ** | 23.1 ± 15.0 | 17.0 ± 14.4 | 11.4 ± 6.1 | 19.5 ± 11.8 | 14.1 ± 7.6 | 12.4 ± 6.4 |
| Clinical scores | ||||||
| Fugl Meyer Assessment – leg score * ** | 24.2 ± 4.6 | 26.4 ± 5.0 | 28.9 ± 4.1 | 23.4 ± 6.8 | 28.9 ± 4.1 | 26.8 ± 5.5 |
| Motricity Index – leg score * ** | 63.9 ± 17.0 | 77.0 ± 13.7 | 86.2 ± 13.2 | 62.5 ± 26.4 | 71.8 ± 24.6 | 72.5 ± 22.2 |
Functional Gait Assessment: range 0–30; Fugl Meyer Assessment – leg score: range 0–34; Motricity Index – leg score: range 0–100.
*significant Time effect T0 vs T1 (p ≤ 0.05); **significant Time effect T0 vs T2 (p ≤ 0.05); † significant Group x Time interaction T0 vs T1 (p ≤ 0.05); ‡ significant Group x Time interaction T0 vs T2 (p-value ≤ 0.05);