Tab. 1:
MPS assays used for internal portfolio decision-making in drug development
| MPS-based organ/tissue model | No. of cases | Area of use (drug development phase) | MPS-supplier | End user | Reference (if available) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood vessel, vasculature | 5 | Target identification, validation and compound selection | AIST | Daiichi-Sankyo | Satoh et al., 2016 |
| Discovery (scleroderma) | Mimetas | Galapagos | – | ||
| Systems toxicology for consumer products | Mimetas | Philip Morris | Poussin et al.,2020 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics and pharmacology | Mimetas | undisclosed | – | ||
| Target identification and validation | Mimetas | NovoNordisk | – | ||
| Bone marrow | 4 | Preclinical safety | TissUse | AstraZeneca | Sieber et al., 2018 |
| Preclinical safety | Emulate | AstraZeneca | Chou et al., 2018 | ||
| Preclinical safety | TissUse | Roche | – | ||
| Preclinical safety | TissUse | Bayer | – | ||
| Gut epithelium | 4 | Discovery (inflammatory bowel disease) | Mimetas | Galapagos | Beaurivage et al., 2019 |
| Discovery | Mimetas | Roche | – | ||
| Clinical development | Mimetas | Roche | – | ||
| Preclinical safety | Emulate | Roche | – | ||
| Lung | 3 | Discovery (alveolus) | Wyss | undisclosed | Huh et al., 2012 |
| Drug efficacy (epithelium) | Wyss | Pfizer, Merck USA | Benam et al., 2016b | ||
| Preclinical safety | Emulate | Roche | – | ||
| Liver | 2 | Pharmacological and toxicological effects | Emulate | AstraZeneca | Foster et al., 2019 |
| Preclinical safety - assessment of species (rat, dog & human) | Emulate | J&J, AstraZeneca | Jang et al., 2019 | ||
| Ocular compartment | 1 | Discovery | Fh IGB / EKUT | Roche | Achberger et al., 2019 |
| Kidney epithelium | 1 | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacology | Mimetas | undisclosed | Vormann et al., 2018 |
| Liver-Pancreas | 1 | Target validation / identification | TissUse | AstraZeneca | Bauer et al., 2017 |
| Liver-Thyroid | 1 | Preclinical safety – assessment of species-specificity (rat and human) | TissUse | Bayer | Kühnlenz et al., 2019 |
| Skin-Tumor | 1 | Preclinical safety & efficacy | TissUse | Bayer | Hübner et al., 2019 |
Abbreviations: Wyss, Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; AIST, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Fh IGB, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany; EKUT, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany