Table 3.

Collagen Composite Scaffolds.

Biomaterial	Fabrication method	Cell(s)	Performance	Ref.
Collagen–PCL	Electrospinning + PCL coating	HDF	Supports HDF attachment and proliferation	[222]
Collagen–PCL	Electrospinning + EDC crosslinking	HDF, HEK	No significant change in mechanical properties. Worse cell viability, lack of basal cell layer and poor epidermal formation at some PCL concentrations	[96]
Collagen–PCL	Electrospinning (non-cross-linked) + micro pores	Neonatal foreskin fibroblast and keratinocyte	Faster wound closure and dermal regeneration with more blood-vessel formation and hair follicle development	[99]
Collagen–PCL	Electrospinning (non-cross-linked) + micro pores	DF	Pre-seeded scaffolds with fibroblasts promoted greater wound-healing than acellular scaffolds	[100]
collagen/PLLA-co-PCL	Electrospinning (non-crosslinked)	BM-MSCs	Promote differentiation of BM-MSCs to keratinocyte-like cell	[97]
Collagen–PCL	Electrospinning + EDC crosslinking	acellular	Induced inflammatory response in vivo. Neutrophils destroyed the scaffold and invaded the surrounding dermis. Keratinocytes did not grow in the scaffold and rather grew under the scaffold	[98]
PLLA/collagen PLLA/gelatin	Freeze-drying on PLLA woven mesh	HDF	Improved HDF behavior in vitro. Less wound contraction than collagen sponge in vivo	[232]
PLGA–collagen	Freeze-drying on PLGA woven mesh	HDF	Enhanced skin fibroblast distribution. Dermal tissues were formed after 2 weeks and became epithelialized after 4 weeks	[230]
PLGA–collagen	Coating PLGA mesh	Fibroblast, keratinocyte	Enhanced blood vessel formation and epithelialization on rabbits	[231]
PLGA–collagen	Electrospinning	HDF	Improved HDF attachment, proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition	[200]
PLGA–collagen	Electrospinning	BM-MSCs	Faster epithelialization on mouse	[228]
PCL–collagen	Freeze-drying + Solvent casting	3T3, NHEK	The composite films support growth of HDF and NHEK	[223]
PCL–collagen	Core-shell Electrospinning	HDF	Better HDF proliferation than pure PCL and collagen-coated PCL fibers	[225]
PCL/collagen-collagen	Electrospinning + collagen gel coating	Human keratinocyte	Presence of ultrafine collagen fibrous network significantly enhance keratinocyte migration	[224]
PCL–collagen	Electrospinning	HDF	Aligned fibers promoted elongated cell morphology, accelerated migration and differentiated to myofibroblasts	[227]