Table 5.

Comparison of reviewed biomaterials.

Material	In vitroa)	In vivo	Clinical		Pros	Cons	Cell adherence	Nontoxic, noninflammatory	Biodegradable	Mechanical properties	Cost-effective
			Application	Products
Collagen	***	***	***	Integra, OrCel, Promogran, PurAply	Highest similarity to dermis ECM	Needs crosslinking, expensive, acidic pH of aqueous solutions	***	***	***	**	*
Gelatin	**	**	–		Cheap, very similar structure to collagen fibers in dermis	Needs crosslinking, forms gel at physiologic temperature	***	***	***	**	***
Elastin	**	**	*	As a modification for collagen in MatriDerm	Mimicking elastic fibers in native dermis	Needs crosslinking, expensive	***	***	***	**	*
Fibrin	**	**	*	As tissue glue or sealant (like TISSEEL, EVICEL, Beriplast) and for cell spraying	Possibility to have autologous fibrin toward preventing immune response	Needs crosslinking, significant shrinkage, hard to control its structure, weak mechanical properties, fast degradation, expensive	***	***	***	*	*
HA	**	**	**	HYAFF, Laserskin, Hayalomatrix	Mimicking HA present in native dermis	Needs crosslinking, weak mechanical properties, expensive	***	***	***	*	*
PLA	*	*	–		Reproducible physical and mechanical properties	Slow degradation rate, acidic degradation products, low elongation, hydrophobicity	**	**	**	***	***
PLGA	*	*	–		Faster degradation rate than PLA, reproducible physical and mechanical properties	Acidic degradation products	**	**	**	***	***
PCL	**	*	–		Reproducible physical and mechanical properties	Slower degradation rate (even than PLA and PLGA)	**	**	**	***	***
PEG	*	–	–		Reproducible physical and mechanical properties	No cell interaction, very slow degradation	*	**	**	**	***
PU	*	*	–		Reproducible physical and mechanical properties, high elasticity	Slow degradation	**	**	**	***	***
SA Peptides	*	*	–		Reproducible physical and mechanical properties	weak mechanical properties, expensive	**	***	**	*	*
Chitosan	**	*	–		Antibacterial, antifungal, mucoadhesive, analgesic and hemostatic, cheap	Needs crosslinking,	**	***	***	**	***
Dextran	*	*	–			Needs crosslinking, expensive	**	**	***	**	***
Pullulan	*	*	–		Antioxidant, biodegradable	Weak cell interaction, Needs crosslinking,	*	**	***	**	***

^a)Frequency of application (in vitro or in vivo) and biomaterial score in different criteris are shown with a range from low (*) to high (***).