Table 4.

Common Clinical Assessment Techniques for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome^{3,13,14,17–22}

Assessment	Description	Positive Sign	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive Predictive Value	Negative Predictive Value
Flexion, adduction, internal- rotation test	With the patient supine, the clinician places the symptomatic hip in 90° of flexion, adducts the hip across the midline, and maximally internally rotates the hip.	Reproduction of pain and limited internal rotation	0.2–0.94	0.08–0.8	0.16–0.67	0.44–0.89
Supine log-roll test	With the patient supine, the clinician gently rolls the thigh internally and externally, moving the articular surface of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum without stressing the surrounding extra-articular structures.	Reproduction of pain	0.3	NA	NA	NA
Drehmann sign	The examiner performs a passive hip-flexion maneuver on the supine patient.	Unavoidable passive external rotation of the hip	0.44	NA	NA	NA
C-palpation sign	While standing, the patient forms a “C” with 1 hand and places it above the greater trochanter, with the thumb posterior to the trochanter and fingers extending into the groin. Pressure is applied.	If the pressure attenuates symptoms temporarily, it may indicate an intra-articular pathologic condition.	NA	NA	NA	NA
Dynamic internal-rotatory impingement test	The test assesses anterior femoroacetabular congruence. The patient holds the contralateral extremity in flexion to achieve the 0-set point of the pelvis. The hip is dynamically moved in a wide arc from abduction or external rotation to flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.	Reproduction of pain; the degree of flexion causing impingement must be noted to determine the degree, type, and location of anterior impingement	NA	NA	NA	NA
Dynamic external-rotatory impingement test	The patient flexes the contralateral extremity to establish the 0-set point of the pelvis. The hip is dynamically moved from 90° of flexion or beyond through a wide abduction and external-rotation arc into extension. The test evaluates superolateral and posterior femoroacetabular impingement.	Reproduction of pain or feeling of instability	NA	NA	NA	NA
Hip scouring	The hip is abducted to 45° and flexed to 90°. Axial pressure is placed along the length of the femur while the thigh is rotated internally and externally.	Reproduction of pain with rotation	NA	NA	NA	NA
Normal hip range of motion	Internal rotation: 35°–45°; flexion: 120°–130° External rotation: 40°–50°; extension: 10°–20°

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.