Table 1.
Characteristics of adults who started maintenance KRT in the United States between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017 by sex and attributed cause of kidney failure
| Characteristics | Type 2 Diabetes | Type 1 Diabetes | Hypertension | GN | Cystic Disease | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N) | ||||||
| Men | 345,750 | 34,049 | 241,996 | 65,689 | 17,954 | 137,694 |
| Women | 275,519 | 27,022 | 171,240 | 53,469 | 15,314 | 92,341 |
| Median age at first kidney failure treatment, yr (IQR)a | ||||||
| Men | 64 (55–72) | 52 (40–64) | 67 (54–78) | 56 (41–68) | 54 (46–64) | 66 (54–76) |
| Women | 65 (57–73) | 52 (38–65) | 70 (58–79) | 53 (38–67) | 55 (47–64) | 66 (54–76) |
| Race/ethnicity, %b | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | ||||||
| Men | 50 | 59 | 51 | 61 | 75 | 70 |
| Women | 45 | 53 | 47 | 50 | 72 | 69 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | ||||||
| Men | 22 | 22 | 34 | 20 | 12 | 17 |
| Women | 30 | 28 | 39 | 27 | 14 | 19 |
| Hispanic | ||||||
| Men | 20 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 9 |
| Women | 19 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 8 |
| Other | ||||||
| Men | 7 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| Women | 7 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| Median income, $1000s (IQR)b | ||||||
| Men | 47 (37–61) | 48 (38–61) | 47 (37–61) | 50 (40–66) | 53 (42–69) | 49 (39–65) |
| Women | 44 (36–57) | 46 (37–59) | 46 (36–59) | 49 (39–63) | 52 (41–68) | 49 (39–63) |
| Insurance coverage, %b | ||||||
| Medicare | ||||||
| Men | 62 | 45 | 62 | 40 | 33 | 61 |
| Women | 64 | 46 | 67 | 40 | 34 | 63 |
| Medicaid | ||||||
| Men | 11 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 10 |
| Women | 14 | 21 | 12 | 17 | 10 | 12 |
| Other | ||||||
| Men | 22 | 30 | 19 | 39 | 52 | 22 |
| Women | 16 | 26 | 15 | 36 | 50 | 20 |
| None | ||||||
| Men | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 |
| Women | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
| Median BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) b | ||||||
| Men | 28.8 (24.9–33.9) | 27.2 (23.5–32.0) | 26.4 (23.0–30.9) | 27.0 (23.5–31.7) | 27.0 (23.8–31.1) | 25.8 (22.4–30.1) |
| Women | 30.8 (25.7–37.1) | 28.2 (23.6–34.4) | 26.9 (22.5–32.8) | 26.6 (22.3–32.5) | 26.6 (22.7–32.3) | 26.6 (22.2–32.4) |
| Diabetes, %c | ||||||
| Men | 100 | 100 | 27 | 17 | 11 | 26 |
| Women | 100 | 100 | 31 | 15 | 10 | 28 |
| Mean number of cardiovascular comorbidities (SD)d,e | ||||||
| Men | 0.86 (0.98) | 0.64 (0.91) | 0.67 (0.89) | 0.38 (0.72) | 0.26 (0.60) | 0.66 (0.92) |
| Women | 0.84 (0.96) | 0.62 (0.89) | 0.64 (0.86) | 0.31 (0.64) | 0.16 (0.47) | 0.61 (0.88) |
| COPD, %f | ||||||
| Men | 9 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| Women | 10 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 11 |
| Smoking, %b | ||||||
| Men | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
| Women | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Cancer, %g | ||||||
| Men | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 19 |
| Women | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 16 |
IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
P<0.05 for men versus women for all causes of kidney failure except type 1 diabetes (P=0.2).
P<0.05 for men versus women for all causes of kidney failure.
P<0.05 for men versus women for all nondiabetic causes of kidney failure.
P<0.05 for men versus women for all causes of kidney failure except type 1 diabetes (P=0.1).
Cardiovascular comorbidities defined as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, and peripheral vascular disease.
P<0.05 for men versus women for all causes of kidney failure except hypertension (P=0.6), type 1 diabetes (P=0.4), and other (P=0.07).
P<0.05 for men versus women for all causes of kidney failure except type 1 diabetes (P=0.4).