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. 2020 Oct 1;15(5):051006. doi: 10.1116/6.0000439

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Changes in the DNA corona in response to protein (BSA) in solution. (a) Concentration of protein present on the surface of amine-modified NPs (200 nm) following sequential corona formation, with the DNA corona formed first (DNA/BSA) and simultaneous DNA and protein corona (DNA + BSA) formation. Experiments were carried out in triplicate and error bars show standard deviation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. (b) Gel electrophoresis shows the DNA adsorbed on the NP surface. Equal concentrations of NPs (cationic, amine-modified, 200 nm) were loaded for all experiments. Control experiments show that DNA does not affect the protein quantification and that BSA does not affect the DNA gel (Fig. S4).53 DNA quantification with AccuClear Nano is not compatible with the presence of BSA. Gel electrophoresis is used to provide a qualitative measure of DNA concentration.