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. 2021 Feb 5;10(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40163-020-00137-2

Table 7.

Linear model of change in self-reported ‘lockdown compliance’ between waves 2 and 3 (high scores = less ‘compliance’)

Coeff. Std error P-value 95% CI
Constant 1.28 0.61 0.03 0.09 2.47
Knowledge about COVID-19 at wave 2 − 0.01 0.15 0.93 − 0.30 0.27
Deterrence (perceived chance of police intervention in the event of non-compliance) at wave 2a − 0.12 0.11 0.27 − 0.33 0.09
Perceived legal legitimacy at wave 2a 0.14 0.14 0.31 − 0.13 0.42
Perceived police legitimacy at wave 2a − 0.03 0.15 0.85 − 0.32 0.26
Social norms regarding social distancing at wave 2a − 0.12 0.11 0.29 − 0.34 0.10
Expressive function of the law at wave 2a 0.27 0.11 0.01 0.06 0.49
Functional worry about catching COVID-19 at wave 2 − 0.07 0.21 0.74 − 0.35 0.49
Dysfunctional worry about catching COVID-19 at wave 2 − 0.02 0.17 0.92 − 0.31 0.34
Knowledge about COVID-19 at wave 3 − 0.01 0.15 0.96 − 0.30 0.28
Deterrence (perceived chance of police intervention in the event of non-compliance) at wave 3a − 0.17 0.10 0.08 − 0.36 0.02
Perceived legal legitimacy at wave 3a − 0.19 0.15 0.20 − 0.48 0.10
Perceived police legitimacy at wave 3a 0.25 0.16 0.12 − 0.07 0.56
Social norms regarding social distancing at wave 3a − 0.02 0.11 0.84 − 0.24 0.19
Expressive function of the law at wave 3a − 0.29 0.11 0.01 − 0.50 − 0.07
Age gender interaction: 16–24 femaleb 0.40 0.35 0.25 − 0.28 1.08
25–44 maleb − 0.10 0.32 0.75 − 0.73 0.53
25–44 femaleb 0.27 0.30 0.37 − 0.31 0.85
45–64 maleb − 0.13 0.38 0.74 − 0.89 0.63
45–64 femaleb − 0.50 0.35 0.16 − 1.19 0.19
65 + maleb − 0.59 0.91 0.52 − 2.37 1.20
65 + femaleb − 0.09 0.70 0.90 − 1.47 1.29
City: Cardiffc − 0.64 0.37 0.08 − 1.36 0.08
Edinburghc − 0.30 0.35 0.40 − 0.99 0.40
Glasgowc 0.01 0.36 0.98 − 0.69 0.72
Leedsc 0.62 0.36 0.08 − 0.08 1.33
Liverpoolc − 0.09 0.37 0.80 − 0.82 0.63
Londonc 0.14 0.29 0.65 − 0.44 0.71
Manchesterc 0.46 0.36 0.20 − 0.24 1.16
Newcastlec 0.35 0.38 0.36 − 0.40 1.10
Sheffieldc 0.46 0.37 0.22 − 0.27 1.20
None of thesec − 0.05 0.39 0.91 − 0.81 0.72

Linear regression model estimated using Stata 15. Source: Waves 2 and 3 of Policing the pandemic. Total n = 1980

OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

aComponent scores saved from principal components analysis

bReference category: 16–24 male

cReference category: Birmingham