Table 1.
Cryogenic mechanical properties of modified thermoset polymers.
| Resin System 1 | Modifier 1 | Content | Temperature | Mechanical Properties | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DGEBF/DETDA | MWCNTS | 0.5 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 119.35 MPa Tensile modulus: 5.26 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 3.20% Impact strength: 35.56 KJ/m2 |
[37] |
| DGEBA/EP-PU/DETDA | MWCNTS-NH2 | 0.2 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 120 MPa Tensile modulus: 7.0 GPa Flexural strength: 275 MPa Flexural modulus: 8.0 GPa Impact strength: 32 KJ/m2 Fracture toughness: 3.25 MPa·m1/2 |
[38] |
| DGEBA/15 wt% Oligomer/D-230 | O-CNTs | 0.5 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 91.7 MPa Tensile modulus: 3.6 GPa Impact strength: 46 KJ/m2 |
[39] |
| DEGBA/DETDA | Graphene | 0.1 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 140.0 MPa Tensile modulus: 7.0 GPa Impact strength: 21.9 KJ/m2 |
[40] |
| DGEBA/DETA | GO-PDA | 1 wt% | 150 K | Tensile strength: 70 MPa Tensile modulus: 3.29 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 2.50% GIC: 666.32 J/m2 KIC: 1.58 MN/m3/2 |
[41] |
| DGEBA/diluent/D-230 | FGSs | 1.6 wt% | 143 K | Tensile strength: 82.91 MPa Tensile modulus: 5.54 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 1.65% |
[42] |
| DGEBA/TETA | GO | 0.2 wt% | 193 K | Tensile strength: 150 MPa Tensile modulus: 4.7 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 3.7% |
[43] |
| DGEBA/D-230 | Fe3O4/GO | 0.5 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 96.4 MPa Tensile modulus: 5.9 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 19.5% Impact strength: 44.2 MPa KIC: 2.1 MN/m3/2 |
[44] |
| DGEBF/DETD | SiO2 | 4 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 77.63 MPa Tensile modulus: 4.62 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 2.2% |
[45] |
| DGEBA/BCE/BCP | Nano-clay | 3 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 169 MPa Tensile modulus: 5.5 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 2.2% |
[46] |
| DGEBA/DDM | KH560-modified silica | 1 wt% | 90 K | Tensile strength: 169 MPa Tensile modulus: 9.0 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 2.5% |
[47] |
| DGEBF/DETD | PES | 20 phr | 77 K | Tensile strength: 86.64 MPa Tensile modulus: 4.32 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 2.87% |
[48] |
| DGEBA/D-230 | PBT/PEI/PC | 1.5 wt% | 77 K | Impact strength: 34.5 KJ/m2(PBT) Impact strength: 39.8 KJ/m2(PEI) Impact strength: 36.01 KJ/m2(PC) |
[49] |
| DGEBA/DETDA | HTPU | 5 phr | 77 K | Tensile strength: 161.67 MPa Tensile modulus: 6.89 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 2.58% Impact strength: 30 KJ/m2 |
[50] |
| DGEBF/DDM | EPSE | 5 wt% | 90 K | Tensile strength: 210 MPa Tensile fracture strain: 3% |
[51] |
| DGEBF/DDM | EPSE | 5–8 wt% | 77 K | KIC: 2.35 MN/m3/2 (5 wt%) KIC: 2.6 MN/m3/2 (8 wt%) |
[52] |
| DGEBF/DETD | NR | 15 phr | 77 K | Tensile strength: 129.98 MPa Tensile modulus: 4.13 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 3.15% KIC: 2.2 MN/m3/2 |
[53] |
| DGEBA/NA/A-178 | HK021 | 80 phr | 77 K | LSS: 9.7Mpa | [54] |
| DGEBF/MeTHPA | H30 | 10 wt% | 77 K | Tensile strength: 115.6 MPa Tensile modulus: 3.8 GPa Tensile fracture strain: 3.1% Impact strength: 32 KJ/m2 |
[55] |
1 Abbreviations: DGEBF, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F; DETD, diethyl toluene diamine; MWCNTs, Multi walled carbon nanotubes; DGEBA, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A;EP-PU, epoxy grafted polyurethane; MWCNTS-NH2, aminated Multi walled carbon nanotubes; D-230, polyoxypropylenediamine; O-CNTs, oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes; GO-PDA, graphene oxide/poly p-phenylenediamine;FGs, functionalized graphene sheets.TETA, Triethylene tetra amine;GO, graphene oxide; BCE, 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl) isopropylidene; BCP, block copolymer; DDM, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane; KH-560, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; PES, Polyethersulfone; PBT, Polybutylene terephthalate; PEI, Polyether imide; PC, Polycarbonate; HTPU, hydroxyl-terminated polyurethanes; EPSE, epoxy-functionalized polysiloxane;NR, carboxylic nitrile-butadiene nano-rubber; NA, nadictetrahydric-methylanhydride; A-178, commercial name of silane coupling agent; HK021, commercial name of diol molecule; MeTHPA, Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride; H30, commercial name of hyperbranched polyester.