Table 1:
Patient and procedure characteristics of match-eligible population and matched population.
| Before Matching | After Matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neostigmine | Sugammadex | Neostigmine | Sugammadex | Absolute Standardized Difference | |
| n=89,585 | n=30,026 | n=22,856 | n=22,856 | ||
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 57 [44, 67] | 59 [47, 69] | 59 [46, 70] | 59 [47, 68] | 0.01 |
| Sex, No. (%) | |||||
| Male | 38,972 (43.5) | 13,773 (45.9) | 10,260 (44.9) | 10,260 (44.9) | Exact match |
| Female | 50,586 (56.5) | 16,235 (54.1) | 12,596 (55.1) | 12,596 (55.1) | Exact match |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, No. (%) | Exact match | ||||
| 1 | 4,118 (4.7) | 919 (3.1) | 658 (2.9) | 658 (2.9) | |
| 2 | 39,407 (44.8) | 11,008 (37.0) | 9,254 (40.5) | 9,254 (40.5) | |
| 3 | 41,524 (47.2) | 16,652 (55.9) | 12,598 (55.1) | 12,598 (55.1) | |
| 4 | 3,003 (3.4) | 1,204 (4.0) | 346 (1.5) | 346 (1.5) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 28.4 [24.4, 33.7] | 28.5 [24.5, 33.7] | 28.5 [24.7, 33.5] | 28.5 [24.7, 33.6] | Exact match |
| Selected Elixhauser comorbidities, No. (%) | |||||
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 9,204 (10.3) | 4,147 (13.9) | 1,910 (8.4) | 1,910 (8.4) | Exact match |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 13,140 (14.7) | 5,045 (16.8) | 3,010 (13.2) | 3,010 (13.2) | Exact match |
| Congestive heart failure | 3,300 (3.7) | 1,383 (4.6) | 382 (1.7) | 382 (1.7) | Exact match |
| Liver disease | 3,355 (3.8) | 1,350 (4.5) | 511 (2.2) | 511 (2.2) | Exact match |
| Paralysis | 1,058 (1.2) | 506 (1.7) | 129 (0.6) | 129 (0.6) | Exact match |
| Coagulopathy | 2,198 (2.5) | 1,071 (3.6) | 560 (2.5) | 635 (2.8) | 0.01 |
| Depression | 10,514 (11.7) | 3,360 (11.2) | 2,772 (12.1) | 2,343 (10.3) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes (uncomplicated) | 9,810 (11.0) | 4,043 (13.5) | 2,883 (12.6) | 2,963 (13.0) | 0.00 |
| Fluid/electrolyte disorders | 7,555 (8.4) | 2,858 (9.5) | 1,875 (8.2) | 1,677 (7.3) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension (complicated) | 313 (0.4) | 1,039 (3.5) | 81 (0.4) | 375 (1.6) | 0.10 |
| Hypertension (uncomplicated) | 35,617 (39.8) | 13,160 (43.8) | 9,987 (43.7) | 9,966 (43.6) | 0.02 |
| Hypothyroidism | 8,460 (9.4) | 3,106 (10.3) | 2,417 (10.6) | 2,317 (10.1) | 0.02 |
| Metastatic cancer | 7,053 (7.9) | 2,872 (9.6) | 2,065 (9.0) | 2,136 (9.3) | 0.00 |
| Other neurological disorders | 3,970 (4.4) | 1,598 (5.3) | 1,043 (4.6) | 1,058 (4.6) | 0.00 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 4,552 (5.1) | 1,814 (6.0) | 1,199 (5.2) | 1,105 (4.8) | 0.02 |
| Collagen vascular diseases | 2,237 (2.5) | 849 (2.8) | 625 (2.7) | 602 (2.6) | 0.01 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 17,683 (19.7) | 8,453 (28.2) | 4,885 (21.4) | 6,519 (28.5) | 0.11 |
| Valvular disease | 3,219 (3.6) | 1,262 (4.2) | 714 (3.1) | 681 (3.0) | 0.01 |
| Weight loss | 4,210 (4.7) | 1,599 (5.3) | 933 (4.1) | 897 (3.9) | 0.01 |
| Procedure Type, No. (%) | |||||
| Head/neck major | 9,352 (10.4) | 3,403 (11.4) | 2,644 (11.6) | 2,721 (11.9) | 0.01 |
| Head/neck minor | 3,332 (3.7) | 1,084 (3.6) | 833 (3.6) | 879 (3.8) | 0.01 |
| Thoracic major | 6,989 (7.8) | 2,628 (8.8) | 1,391 (6.1) | 1,391 (6.1) | Exact match |
| Thoracic minor | 3,307 (3.7) | 1,026 (3.4) | 754 (3.3) | 766 (3.4) | 0.00 |
| Spine/spinal cord major | 8,578 (9.6) | 2,586 (8.7) | 2,326 (10.2) | 2,145 (9.4) | 0.03 |
| Upper and lower abdomen major | 29,092 (32.5) | 9,105 (30.6) | 6,937 (30.4) | 6,937 (30.4) | Exact match |
| Urologic/gynecologic/pelvis major | 9,437 (10.5) | 3,581 (12.0) | 2,665 (11.7) | 3,114 (13.6) | 0.06 |
| Hip/leg/foot/shoulder/arm/hand major | 7,757 (8.7) | 2,517 (8.5) | 2,228 (9.7) | 1,938 (8.5) | 0.04 |
| Hip/leg/foot/shoulder/arm/hand minor | 5,365 (6.0) | 1,473 (4.9) | 1,425 (6.2) | 1,169 (5.1) | 0.05 |
| Other | 6,359 (7.1) | 2,395 (8.0) | 1,653 (7.2) | 1,796 (7.9) | 0.02 |
Additional definitions and details available for all study variables in Supplemental Digital Content 2 and Supplemental Digital Content 3.
Selected Elixhauser comorbidities pertinent to pulmonary complications or treatment bias related to sugammadex versus neostigmine are listed here. All Elixhauser comorbidity data (after matching) are presented in Supplemental Digital Content 4. Comorbidity definitions are using Elixhauser groupings of International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th edition as described by Quan and colleagues in Quan H, Sundarajan V, Halfon P, et al Coding algorithms for defining Comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM administrative data. Med Care. 2005 Nov; 43 (11): 1130–9