Table V.
Prognostic markers associated with PCNSL.
| A, Favorable prognostic markers in HIV-associated PCNSL
| ||
|---|---|---|
| First author, year | Prognostic markers | (Refs.) |
| Gopal, 2012 | CD4 count >200 cells/µl HIV RNA viral load <400 copies/ml | (98) |
|
| ||
| B, Favorable prognostic markers
| ||
| First author, year | Prognostic markers | (Refs.) |
| Weller, 2012 | Gross total resection after operation | (72) |
| Makino, 2015 | Completion of three cycles of HD-MTX chemotherapy | (73) |
| Nakasu, 2016 | CR status after completion of initial HD-MTX | (74) |
| Kondo, 2019 | CR status at HDT/ASCT, thiotepa use in HDT regimen | (75) |
| Levy, 2008 | Bcl-6 | (76) |
| Preusser, 2010 | Bcl-6 expression and high KPS | (77) |
| Niparuck, 2019 | ECOG score ≤2, multiple brain lesions, MTD <5 cm, CD10+ | (78) |
| Chen, 2019 | GLCM-homogeneity (<0.2864) | (79) |
| Alame, 2020 | PD-1 on TILs and PD-L1 on TAMs | (80) |
| Cho, 2020 | Serum level of soluble PD-L1 (<0.432 ng/ml) | (81) |
| Cambruzzi, 2020 | Expression of MHC II genes, expression of bcl-6, IMO2 and CD10 | (82) |
| Nayyar, 2019 | CD79b mutations | (94) |
| Kim, 2019 | tPD-L1- patients with a large number of CD8+ or PD-1+ TILs | (97) |
|
| ||
| C, Poor prognostic markers
| ||
| First author, year | Prognostic markers | (Refs.) |
|
| ||
| Villano, 2011 | Patients aged 0-49 years: Male sex, HIV infection and African-American descent; patient aged >50 years: Increasing age | (7) |
| Yuan, 2020 | ECOG >3 and multifocal lesions | (83) |
| Tabouret, 2017 | Infratentorial location and large tumor volume (>11.4 cm3) | (84) |
| Chunsong, 2006 | CXCL13 | (85) |
| Le, 2019 | Anemia | (86) |
| Oyama, 2007 | EBV-positive | (87) |
| Wu, 2019 | ABCB1 rs1045642 CC genotype, PS >2 and older age | (88) |
| Yang, 2020 | Elevated CSF IL-10 and STAT3 phosphorylation | (89) |
| Hatzl, 2020 | DEL | (90) |
| Yin, 2019 | Bcl-2 gene aberrations and DH | (91 |
| Villa, 2019 | Bcl-6 rearrangements | (92) |
| Cambruzzi, 2020 | Expression of MUM1, cyclin D2, p53, CD5, FOXP1, ICAM1, HLA-DR and bcl-2; and strong FOXP1 positivity, myc and bcl-2 overexpression, bcl-6 translocations, and high Ki-67 index | (82) |
| Takano, 2018 | MyD88 mutations | (93) |
| Mondello, 2020 | Tumor expression of activated STAT6, and elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-10 | (95) |
| Hyung, 2019 | Serum β2-MG (≥1.8 g/ml) | (96) |
| Kim, 2019 | tPD-L1+ patients with a small number of CD8+ or PD-1+ TILs | (97) |
PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma; HD-MTX, high-dose methotrexate; CR, complete remission; HDT/ASCT, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; MTD, maximum tumor diameter; GLCM, grey-level co-occurrence matrix; PD-1, programmed death-1; TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; PD-L1, programmed death-1 ligand; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; tPD-L1, tumoral PD-L1; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; PS, performance status; DEL, double-expression lymphoma; DH, bcl-2/c-myc gene double-hit; β2-MG, β2-microglobulin.