Table 3.
Likelihood of PC-ECLS with regards to several surgical procedures.
| Procedure | Author (Reference)— Year of Publication |
Total Patients, N | Prevalence of PC-ECLS Use, % | In-Hospital Mortality, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unlikely (<5%) | ||||
| CABG (isolated) | Biancari et al. [44]—2017 | 24,527 | VA-ECMO: 0.6 | 64.2 |
| Raffa et al. [45]—2019 | 5115 | Emergency VA-ECMO: 1.3 (TF and TA) | ||
| TAVI | Trenkwalder et al. [46]—2017 Trenkwalder et al. [46]—2017 |
1424 370 |
Emergency VA-ECMO, TF: 1.5 Emergency VA-ECMO, TA: 3.0 |
39 Overall: 45.5 |
| SAVR | ||||
| Non-differentiated | Mäkikallio et al. [47]—2019 | 4333 | ECMO/IABP: 1.8 | N/A |
| Without recent AHF | Jalava et al. [48]—2019 | 3757 | ECMO/IABP: 1.3 | N/A |
| Likely (5–10%) | ||||
| SAVR (with recent AHF) |
Jalava et al. [48]—2019 | 484 | ECMO/IABP: 5.6 | N/A |
| HTx | Phan et al. [49]—2017 | 11,555 | Overall MCS: 6.0 | VA-ECMO: 44.4 |
| VA-ECMO: 4.8 | ||||
| RVAD: 0.7 | RVAD: 62.1 | |||
| BiVAD: 0.5 | BiVAD: 14.3 | |||
| LVAD: 0.1 | LVAD: 37.5 | |||
| Highly likely (>10%) | ||||
| Ventricular septal defect | Huang et al. [50]—2015 | 47 | Preoperative IABP: 72.3 Preoperative VA-ECMO: 12.8 |
N/A N/A |
| HTx (marginal donor heart; LVEF < 45) | Listijono et al. [51]—2011 | 9 | VA-ECMO: 89 | 12 |
| Post-MI LVFWR | Formica et al. [52]—2017 | 35 | Overall ECLS: 60 IABP: 28.6 VA-ECMO: 31.4 |
Overall: 43 IABP: 30 VA-ECMO: 50 |
| aTAAD | Lin et al. [53]—2017 Wang et al. [54]–2019 |
162 246 |
VA-ECMO: 12.3 VA-ECMO: 2.8 |
65 14.3 |
| LVAD implantation (isolated) | Riebandt et al. [55]—2017 | 154 | VA-ECMO: 21 | 25 |
Abbreviations: AHF: acute heart failure; aTAAD: acute type A aortic dissection; BiVAD: biventricular assist device; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HTx: heart transplant; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; LVAD: left ventricular assist device; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFWR: left ventricular free wall rupture; N/A: not available; RVAD: right ventricular assist device; Post-MI: post-myocardial infarction; SAVR: surgical aortic valve replacement; TA: transapical; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TF: transfemoral; VA: veno-arterial.