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. 2021 Jan 20;13(3):378. doi: 10.3390/cancers13030378

Table 2.

Subgroups of treatment for recurrent CRLM, type of procedures, mortality, and morbidity rates.

Author Chemotherapy + rLT, n (%) Chemotherapeutic Agents (%) rLT alone, n (%) rLT Procedure (%) Overall Mortality and Morbidity Rate (%)
Adair [45] 52 (26.7%) FUFOL (28.8%)
FOLFOX (34.6%)
FUFOL + irinotecan (9.6%)
Capecitabine (3.8%)
Oxaliplatin (23.1%)		 143 (73.3%) Metastasectomy (70.8%)
Segmentectomy (10.3%)
Hemihepatectomy (12.2%)
Trisectionectomy (4.6%)
Caudate resection (2.1%)		 30-day mortality 1.5%
30-day morbidity 20% (4.6% relaparotomy)
Adam [46] 2nd *: 127 (91%)
3rd *: 51 (85%)		 FOLFOX (NR) 2nd *: 12 (9%)
3rd *: 9 (15%)		 2nd *
  • -

    Liver resection <3 segments (76%)

  • -

    Major hepatectomy (24%)

3rd *
  • -

    Liver resection <3 segments (41%)

  • -

    Major hepatectomy (59%)

 Mortality <2 months
  • -

    2nd *: 2.5%

  • -

    3rd *: 0%

Morbidity
  • -

    2nd *: 23% (8% reoperation)

  • -

    3rd *: 25% (3% reoperation)
Andreou [47] 19 (44%) NR 24 (56%) Minor resections <3 segments (88%)
Major liver resection ≥ 3 segments (12%)		 30-day mortality 0%
90-day mortality 0%
Morbidity 12%
(0% required intervention)
Brachet [48] 2nd *: 38 (61.3%)
3rd *: 6 (40%)
4th *: 0 (0%)		 2nd *
  • -

    FUFOL (55.6%)

  • -

    FOLFOX (22.2%)

  • -

    FOLFIRI (19.4%)

  • -

    Others (2.8%)

3rd *
  • -

    FUFOL (50%)

  • -

    FOLFOX (50%)

  • -

    FOLFIRI (0%)

  • -

    Others (0%)

4th *: No chemotherapy		 2nd *: 24 (38.7%)
3rd *: 9 (60%)
4th *: 2 (100%)		 2nd *
  • -

    Hemihepatectomy (24.2%)

  • -

    Segmentectomy (43.6%)

  • -

    Nonanatomic (32.2%)

3rd *
  • -

    Hemihepatectomy (6.7%)

  • -

    Segmentectomy (46.6%)

  • -

    Nonanatomic (46.7%)

4th *
  • -

    Hemihepatectomy (50%)

  • -

    Nonanatomic (50%)

 Mortality <30 days
  • -

    2nd *: 0%

  • -

    3rd *: 0%

  • -

    4th *: 0%

Morbidity
<30 days (3.8% reoperation)
  • -

    2nd *: 17.7%

  • -

    3rd *: 26.7%

  • -

    4th *: 50%
Butte [49] 47 (30%) NR 112 (70%) Minor hepatectomy <hemi-liver (41%)
Major hepatectomy: hemi-, central or extended (59%)		 NR
Hallet [50] 310 (69.4%) NR 137 (30.6%) NR Mortality <30 days 1.3%
Morbidity <30 days 28.9% (8.1% re-intervention)
Hashimoto [51] 4 (24%) Oxaliplatin (NR) or irinotecan (NR) 13 (76%) Minor hepatectomy: wedge, segmental or sectional (88.2%)
Major hepatectomy ≥ 3 segments (11.8%)		 NR
Morbidity 17.7%
Heise [52] 36 (95%) NR 2 (5%) Minor hepatectomy (76%)
Major hepatectomy >hemi-liver (24%)		 NR
Morbidity 3%
Homayounfar [53] 10 (19%) 5FU (9%)
5FU + oxaliplatin (36%)
5FU + irinotecan (55%)
Additional cetuximab (19%)
Additional bevacizumab (34%)		 42 (81%) Surgical exploration only (5.8%)
Surgical exploration + RFA liver (7.7%)
Non-anatomic liver resection (38%)
Bisegmentectomy (3.8%)
Bisegmentectomy + nonanatomic liver resection (1.9%)
Hemihepatectomy (5.8%)
Trisectorectomy (1.9%)
Rectal resection (5.8%)
Rectal extirpation + nonanatomic liver resection (1.9%)
Others (26.9%)		 Mortality 0%
Morbidity 26%
Imai, 2018 [54] 28 (51.9%) Oxaliplatin-based (14.3%)
Oxaliplatin-based + biologic agents (17.9%)
Irinotecan-based (7.1%)
Irinotecan-based + biologic agents (42.9%)
Oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based + biologic agents (3.6%)
Others (14.3%)		 26 (48.1%) Hepatectomy (38.9%)
Hepatectomy + RFA (5.6%)
Hepatectomy + resection of peritoneal metastasis (1.9%)
RFA for liver metastasis (14.8%)
RFA for liver + lung metastasis (1.9%)
Others (37.0%)		 NR
Imai, 2019 [55] 28 (73.7%) NR 10 (26.3%) NR NR
Ishiguro [56] NR NR NR Minor resection (89.2%) Hemihepatectomy (5.4%)
Extended hemihepatectomy (4.5%)
Central bisectionectomy (0.9%)		 Mortality 0%
Morbidity 14%
Kishi [57] 6 (5.2%) Oxaliplatin-based (NR)
Irinotecan-based (NR)
5-FU with leucovorin (NR)
Tegafur, Gimeracil, Oteracil
Potassium (NR)		 109 (94.8%) NR Mortality 0.9%
Morbidity 27%
Matsuoka [58] 55 (93%) NR 4 (7%) Sectionectomy (26%)
Segmentectomy (10%)
Partial resection (64%)		 Mortality 5%
Morbidity 39%
Neal [59] 8 (11.3%) NR 63 (88.7%) Anatomical resection (19.7%)
Major hepatectomy ≥ 3 segments (16.9%)
NR		 Mortality <90 days
Morbidity <90 days 21.1%
Neeff [60] 67 (87%) All 5-FU based 10 (13%) Atypical/wedge (39.1%)
Segmental (23.9%)
Hemihepatectomy (17.4%)
Extended hemihepatectomy (17.4%)
Central resection (2.2%)		 Mortality 3.3%
Morbidity 53.3%
(12% operative revisions)
Pessaux [61] 28 (66.7%) NR 14 (33.3%) Anatomic hepatectomy (66.7%)
Non-anatomic hepatectomy (33.3%)		 Mortality <30 days 0%
Morbidity <30 days 14.3%
Valdimarsson [62] 37 (45%) All oxaliplatin based 45 (55%) Major liver procedure ≥ 3 segments 19%
Minor liver procedure 81%		 NR
Morbidity 18%
Viganò [63] NR Oxaliplatin-based (NR)
Irinotecan-based (NR)
Associated cetuximab (NR)
Associated bevacizumab (NR)		 NR Anatomic resection (NR)
Non-anatomic resection (NR)
Associated intraoperative RFA		 NR
Wicherts [64] 157 (60.7%) Last line regimen
  • -

    5-FU, LV (14.2%)

  • -

    5-FU, LV, oxaliplatin (41.9%)

  • -

    5-FU, LV, irinotecan (14.2%)

  • -

    Others (29.7%)

Biological agents last line
  • -

    Cetuximab (7.6%)

  • -

    Bevacizumab (3.8%)

 106 (40.3%) Major resection ≥3 segments (17.0%)
Anatomical (27.9%)
Non-anatomical (52.1%)
Both anatomical and non-anatomical (20.0%)		 90-day mortality 2.4%
Morbidity 34.4%

Note: rLT = repeat local treatment; FUFOL = folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil; FOLFOX = folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin; NR = not reported; * = Rank from total number of hepatectomies; FOLFIRI = folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan; 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil; RFA = radiofrequency ablation.