Table 1.

Summary of the potential effects of gut microbiota on anticancer agents used in clinical hematology.

Mechanism	Outcome	Involved Drug (s)
Enzymatic modification of the drugs	Decreased levels	Cladribine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, Idarubicin, etoposide, mitoxantrone [99]
	Increased activity	Fludarabine, 6-Mercaptopurine [99]
Translocation of Gram-positive bacteria	Generation of Th17 and Th1 lymphocytes	Cyclophosphamide [74]
Modulation of genotoxicity	Reduction of DNA damage and apoptosis	Oxaliplatin, cisplatin [87]