Table 1.

The role of hepatokines in tissues and the blood.

Hepatokines	Subjects	Places	Main Effects	Refs
Tsukushi	Mice	NAFLD	Reduce circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Lower cholesterol efflux capacity. Decrease cholesterol-to–bile acid conversion in the liver.	Mouchiroud et al. [16]
ANGPTL8	Mice	Liver	Treat metabolic disorders.	Chen et al. [17]
Selenoprotein P	Mice	Skeletal muscle	Inhibit the development of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Improve insulin resistance.	Misu [18]
LECT2	Mice	Adipocytes	Stimulates inflammation and insulin resistance.	Jung et al. [19]
FGF21	Human	Plasma	Biomarkers of metabolic disease in human.	Keuper et al. [20]
Fetuin-A	Human	Plasma	Positive association between plasma fetuin-A levels and risk of developing type 2 diabetes.	Wang et al. [21]
ANGPTL4	Human	Plasma	Significantly predict cardiovascular events independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.	Muendlein et al. [22]
FST	Rat	Skeletal muscle	Increase anabolic, neurotrophic, and the progression of satellite cells.	Isaacs et al. [23]
Asprosin	Rat	Adipose tissue	Protect against hyperinsulinism associated with metabolic syndrome.	Romere et al. [24,25]
Heat shock protein 72	Human	Skeletal muscle	Increase maximal voluntary eccentric contractions of biceps.	Yamada et al. [26]

Abbreviations: ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8; LECT2, Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; FST, follistatin; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.