Table 1 |.
Materials systems for organoids
| Material class | Material | Organoid tissue | Cell origin | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decellularized tissues | EHS matrix | Intestine | Murine Lgr5+ cells | 33 |
| Brain | Human ESCs and iPSCs | 41 | ||
| Prostrate | Murine prostate epithelial cells | 256 | ||
| Gastric | Human ESCs and iPSCs | 55 | ||
| Brain (midbrain-like) | Human ESCs and iPSCs | 257 | ||
| Lung | Human iPSCs | 258 | ||
| Decellularized liver | Liver | HUVECs and human fetal liver cells | 259 | |
| Decellularized lung | Lung | Human ESCs and iPSCs | 37 | |
| Decellularized intestine | Intestine | Human iPSCs | 260 | |
| Natural biopolymers | Collagen | Intestine | Murine intestinal tissue | 34,162 |
| Intestine | Human intestinal epithelium | 161 | ||
| Collagen vitrigel | Intestine | Human colon carcinoma | 163 | |
| Cell-Mate3D (hyaluronic acid, chitosan and dextrose) | Brain | Human iPSCs | 164 | |
| Alginate | Intestine | Human iPSCs | 172 | |
| Alginate beads | Pulmonary | Human fetal lung fibroblasts, HUVECS, iPSCs | 165 | |
| Tubular silk sponge | Intestine | Human jejunum tissue | 173 | |
| Hyaluronic acid | Kidney | Murine kidney tissue | 261 | |
| Fibrin-laminin | Intestine, pancreas, liver | Murine intestinal tissue, human biopsy tissue | 262 | |
| Protein-engineered materials | Elastin-like protein | Intestine | Murine intestinal tissue | 178 |
| Synthetic polymers | PEG and natural biopolymers | Intestine | Isolated murine crypts/ intestinal stem cells | 66 |
| Brain (neural-tube-like) | Mouse ESCs | 26 | ||
| PEG | Pancreas | Murine embryonic pancreatic progenitor cells | 263 | |
| PEG-4MAL | Intestine | Human iPSCs | 67 | |
| Amikagel | Pancreatic islets | Human ESCs | 179 | |
| Cell foam (tantalum precipitate) | Thymus | Murine thymic stromal cells and human bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells | 40 | |
| PGA and PLLA | Intestine | Human iPSCs | 247 |
EHS, Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm; ESCs, embryonic stem cells; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells; Lgr5+, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor-5-positive; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PEG-4MAL, PEG with four thiol-reactive maleimides; PGA, polyglycolic acid; PLLA, poly-L-lactic acid.